The previous psychological researchers have mistreated some ethinic minories by revealing their clinical data. This is maltreatment of research participants in thersm of cultural context. For example, Tuskegee experiment
Therefore, many people from different races, ethnic minorities have been showing reluctance to participate in psychological research.
Thus, the options (c), (a) and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, many people from different races, ethnic minorities have been showing reluctance to participate in psychological research.
Therefore, the correct option is – b). In the past, researchers mistreated members of these groups.