The clinical research is involves subjects such as human beings, patients who have been suffering from different kinds of diseases. Recent Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki have illustrating that the critical rules implemented by ruling governments to protect all human subjects in different experiments as it involves many ethical issues.
Therefore, various ethical issues involves in this kind of research due to new therapeutic molecules examination and even if the patient is under treatment. Thus, psychologists have many ethical responsibilities when conducting treatment to a patient.
Thus, the options (c), (a) and (b) are incorrect.
Recent Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki have illustrating that the critical rules implemented by ruling governments to protect all human subjects in different experiments as it involves many ethical issues.
Therefore, the correct option is – d). Protecting human subjects in all experiments.