The clinical research is involves subjects such as human beings, patients who have been suffering from different kinds of diseases. Therefore, various ethical issues involves in this kind of research due to new therapeutic molecules examination. Thus, psychologists have many ethical responsibilities when conducting clinical research.
The privacy and confidentially must be maintained without disclosing information of patient during clinical research but under extreme cases, confidentiality does not apply to some situations wither by therapist or patient.
Thus, the options (c), (a) and (d) are incorrect.
During clinical research but under extreme cases, confidentiality does not apply to some situations wither by therapist or patient.
Therefore, the correct option is – b). does not apply in some situations.