Glucocorticoids are released by the adrenal cortex. They influence the metabolic functions of the body and they also have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effects. The major glucocorticoid released during the stress is cortisol.
Cortisol is also known as “stress hormone” due to its role in regulating the physiological functions during the stress. It acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and increase gluconeogenesis.
Hippocampus of limbic system is essential for the conversion of short term memory to long term memory. The high amounts of glucocorticoids released during the stress inhibit the long term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.
On the other hand, acute stress can enhance the process of long term potentiation of memories.