During air cooling of oranges, grapefruit, and tangelos, the heat transfer coefficient for combined convection, radiation, and evaporation for air velocities of 0.11 < V < 0.33 m/s is determined experimentally and is expressed as h = 5.05 kair Rel/3/D, where the diameter D is the characteristic length. Oranges arc cooled by refrigerated air at 3°C and 1 atm at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. Determine (a) the initial rate of heat transfer from a 7-cm-diameter orange initially at 15°C with a thermal conductivity of 0.70 W/m·K, (b) the value of the initial temperature gradient inside the orange at the surface, and (c) the value of the Nusselt number.
FIGURE P19-13
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