Shared leadership in airplane crews. Human Factors (Mar. 2014) published a study...

Shared leadership in airplane crews. Human Factors (Mar. 2014) published a study that examined the effect of shared leadership by the cockpit and cabin crews of a commercial airplane. Simulated flights were taken by 84 six-person crews, where each crew consisted of a twoperson cockpit (captain and first officer) and a fourperson cabin team (three flight attendants and a purser).

During the simulation, smoke appeared in the cabin and the reactions of the crew were monitored for teamwork. Each crew was rated as working either successfully or unsuccessfully as a team. Also, each individual member was evaluated for leadership (measured as number of leadership functions exhibited per minute). The mean leadership values for successful and unsuccessful teams were compared. A summary of the test results for both captains and lead flight attendants is displayed in the table at the top of the page.

a. Consider the data for captains. Interpret the p-value for testing (at α = .05) whether the mean leadership values for captains from successful and unsuccessful teams differ.

b. Consider the data for flight attendants. Interpret the p-value for testing (at α = .05) whether the mean leadership values for flight attendants from successful and unsuccessful teams differ.

b. Based on the interval, part a, which group has the shortest mean response time? Does this result support the researchers’ last name effect theory? Explain.