A stone-media trickling filter with a depth of 7.0 ft cannot produce an effluent with an average BOD equal to or less than 30 mg/l, as specified in the discharge permit. From a field study, the operational data for the filter and final clarifier were as follows: hydraulic loading on the filter from primary clarifier = 0.35 gpm/ft2; settled wastewater from the primary clarifier BOD = 126 mg/l and soluble BOD = 68 mg/l; final clarified effluent BOD = 48 mg/l and soluble BOD = 26 mg/l; wastewater temperature = 18°C; and recirculation ratio of 1.0. Since the stone media were in poor condition and causing plugging of the voids, one of the recommendations for remedial action was to install high-density cross-flow packing with a specific surface area = 42 ft2/ft3,/i - 0.50, and/c2o = 0.0035 (gpm/ft2)0’. Using Eq. (12.53), calculate the effluent BOD for cross-flow packing based on field-study data for hydraulic loading, influent soluble BOD, temperature, and recirculation ratio. Assume that the effluent BOD would have the same fraction of soluble BOD as in the field study, 26/48 = 0.54.
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