(a)How do autotrophic bacteria gain energy?
(b) Why do some bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate [Eqs. (12.1) and (12.2)]. whereas others reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas [Eq. (12.12)]?
(c)Hydrogen sulfide emitted by septic wastewater and sludge is too weak an acid to cause significant corrosion, yet when hydrogen sulfide is present, concrete deteriorates and iron corrodes. Explain this phenomenon,
(d) What promotes the growth of iron bacteria in water pipes distributing well water? How do these bacteria contribute foul tastes and odors to the water?
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