Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (December 2003) study of ants in Mongolia (central Asia), presented. Recall that botanists placed seed baits at 11 study sites and observed the number of ant species attracted to each site. A portion of the data (saved in the GOBIANTS file). Do these data indicate that the average number of ant species at Mongolian desert sites differs from 5? Conduct the appropriate test at α = .05. Are the conditions required for a valid test satisfied?
Site | Region | Number of Ant Species |
1 | Dry Steppe | 3 |
2 | Dry Steppe | 3 |
3 | Dry Steppe | 52 |
4 | Dry Steppe | 7 |
5 | Dry Steppe | 5 |
6 | Gobi Desert | 49 |
7 | Gobi Desert | 5 |
8 | Gobi Desert | 4 |
9 | Gobi Desert | 4 |
10 | Gobi Desert | 5 |
11 | Gobi Desert | 4 |
Based on Pfeiffer, M., et al. ?Community organization and species richness of ants in Mongolia along an ecological gradient from steppe to Gobi desert.? Journal of Biogeography, Vol. 30, No. 12, Dec. 2003. (Tables 1 and 2).
Conclusions and Consequences for a Test of Hypothesis
| ||
Conclusion | H0 True | Ha True |
Accept H0 (Assume H0 True) Reject H0 (Assume Ha True) | Correct decision Type I error (probability α) | Type II error (probability β) Correct decision |
Rejection Regions for Common Values of α
| Alternative Hypothieses | ||
| Lower-Tailed | Upper-Tailed | Two-Tailed |
α = .10 | z<-1.28 | z > 1.28 | z<—1.645 or z > 1.645 |
α= .05 | z<—1.645 | z > 1.645 | z<—1.96 or z > 1.96 |
α= .01 | z<— 2.33 | z > 2.33 | z<—2.575 or z > 2.575 |
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