Bone fossil study. You tested H0: μ = 8.5 versus Ha: μ ≠ 8.5, where m is the population mean length-to-width ratio of humerus bones of a particular species of animal. A SAS printout for the hypothesis test is shown below. Locate the p -value on the printout and interpret it.
Bone fossil study. Humerus bones from the same species of animal tend to have approximately the same lengthto-width ratios. When fossils of humerus bones are discovered, archeologists can often determine the species of animal by examining the length-to-width ratios of the bones. It is known that species A exhibits a mean ratio of 8.5. Suppose 41 fossils of humerus bones were unearthed at an archeological site in East Africa, where species A is believed to have lived. (Assume that the unearthed bones were all from the same unknown species.) The length-towidth ratios of the bones are listed in the following table and saved in the BONES file.
10.73 | 8.89 | 9.07 | 9.20 | 10.33 | 9.98 | 9.84 | 9.59 |
8.48 | 8.71 | 9.57 | 9.29 | 9.94 | 8.07 | 8.37 | 6.85 |
8.52 | 8.87 | 6.23 | 9.41 | 6.66 | 9.35 | 8.86 | 9.93 |
8.91 | 11.77 | 10.48 | 10.39 | 9.39 | 9.17 | 9.89 | 8.17 |
8.93 | 8.80 | 10.02 | 8.38 | 11.67 | 8.30 | 9.17 | 12.00 |
9.38 |
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a. Test whether the population mean ratio of all bones of this particular species differs from 8.5. Use α = .01.
b. What are the practical implications of the test you conducted in part a ?
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