Mutualism is the association between two species in which both of them are benefited from their association. Therefore, option (a) is incorrect.
Parasitism is an association in which out of the two species that involve in the association, one species is benefited whereas the other one is harmed. The species that is benefitted exploits the other organism as resource for its benefit. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Commensalism is an interaction between the individuals of different species in which only one partner is benefited but the other one is neither benefited nor harmed. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.
The series of changes that may occur in an ecosystem due to natural or human disturbances is called succession. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
Hence, a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and other is harmed is called (b) parasitism.