In all of the exercises involving variances, use “F” and “U” to designate favorable and unfavorable variances, respectively.
Calculating factory overhead: two variances
Dakota Manufacturing Inc. normally produces 10,000 units of product A each month. Each unit requires 4 hours of direct labor, and factory overhead is applied on a direct labor hour basis. Fixed costs and variable costs in factory overhead at the normal capacity are $10 and $5 per unit, respectively. Cost and production data for June follow:
Production for the month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,000 units
Direct labor hours used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,000 hours
Factory overhead incurred for:
Variable costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48,000
Fixed costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $103,000
a. Calculate the flexible-budget variance.
b. Calculate the production-volume variance.
c. Was the total factory overhead under- or overapplied? By what amount?
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