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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS_Cancer REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Alterations in H
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Alteration ins condition:

It can be done by using CAUTION- L

C: changes in bowel and bladder

A: a sore that does not heal

U: unusual bleeding or discharge

T: thickening or lump in a breast or elsewhere

I: indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O: obvious changes in a wart or mole

N: nagging cough or hoarseness

L: leukoplakia

Pathophysiology in cancer:

Endogenous and exogenous agents

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Epigenetic alteration (DNA repair genes)

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DNA repair deficiency

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Large increase in unrepaired DNA damage

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Large increase in somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations

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Multiply altered field defect with driver mutations

Progression to cancer

Health promotion and disease prevention:

- if a person has a genetic history of cancer he/ she should be screened for various health factors inorder to identify cancer as early as possible.

- teach or educate the people about the identification of the cancer using warning signs of cancer.

- teach them on how to identify the risk factors- provide proper genetic counseling to the people.

- avoid the use of carcinogenic substances for a longer period of time.

- avoid unhealthy lifestyle

Risk factors:

- aging

- tobacco

- sun exposure

- radiation exposure

- use or exposure to chemicals or other substances

- some viruses and bacteria

- certain hormones

- family history of cancer

- alcohol

- poor diet

- lack of physical activity or being overweight

Laboratory test:

- blood test (CBC)

- biopsy

- cancer marker test

- endoscopic examination

- imaging tests

- ultrasound

- CT scan

- MRI

Expected findings:

- in blood test the abnormal findings in blood are presence of tumor marker

- presence of tumor in the ultrasound or imaging tests

- biopsy shows the presence of cancer and staging of cancer

Diagnostic procedures:

- blood test (CBC)

- biopsy

- cancer marker test

- endoscopic examination

- imaging tests

- ultrasound

- CT scan

- MRI

Nursing care:

- assess the condition of the patient

- provide proper intervention for pain

- provide intervention for nutritional deficiencies

- provide intervention for skin integrity

Therapeutic procedures:

- radiation therapy

- chemotherapy

- social therapy

Medications:

- vincristine

- 5 fluorouracil

- 6- mercaptopurine

- cytarabine

- gemcitabine

- methotrexate

- anthracycline

Client education:

- proper rest and sleep should be taken

- do not over think about the condition

- eat proper food and nutrition

- drink enough water

- do not miss any dose of medications

- do not work or do harsh activities

Interprofessional care:

- physician can diagnose the disease

- nurses can give or provide the care

- pharmacist can prescribe the medication

- radiologist can help in proper diagnostic tests

- nutritionist can provide proper nutritional advices

- social worker can provide the social security

- occupational therapist can provide the chances of occupation for the patient

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