Question

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS Thermal Burns REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ASSESSMENT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Risk Factors Expected Findings Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures Complications PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Nursing Care Medications Client Education Interprofessional Care Therapeutic Procedures ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

Answer 1

We've become accustomed to doctors using specialized blood tests or other extensive laboratory tests to help them make a conclusive diagnosis. However, most laboratory tests are not very helpful when it comes to diagnosing depression. In fact, talking with the patient may be the most important diagnostic tool the doctor has. The recommendation is that doctors routinely screen all individuals for depression. This screening might occur during a visit for a chronic illness, at an annual wellness visit, or during a pregnancy or postpartum visit.

Depression is a potentially life -threatening disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people all over the world. The psychopathological state involves a triad of symptoms with low or depressed mood, anhedonia, and low energy or fatigue. Other symptoms, such as sleep and psychomotor disturbances, feelings of guilt, low self-esteem, suicidal tendencies, as well as autonomic and gastrointestinal disturbances, are also often present. Depression is not a homogeneous disorder, but a complex phenomenon, which has many subtypes and probably more than one etiology. .

Even if it were possible to provide evidence-based treatment to all persons affected by a depressive disorder, the effect on averting years lived with disability would be limited because of the steady influx of new patients and the limited efficacy of currently available treatments.Prevention may offer new possibilities to reduce the disease burden of depressive disorders. Prevention may be directed toward the whole population (universal prevention), or those with subsyndromal symptoms . More than 30 randomized trials have demonstrated that preventive interventions can reduce the incidence of new episodes of major depressive disorder by about 25% and by as much as 50% when preventive interventions are offered in stepped-care format. Methods with proven effectiveness involve educational, psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, lifestyle, and nutritional interventions.

Risk factors include:

• Previous diagnosis of a mood disorder.
• Trauma, stress or major life changes in the case of depression.
• Physical illness or use of certain medications. ...
• Brain structure and function in the case of bipolar disorder.

Here are nine (9) nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis for major depression:

1. Risk For Self-Directed Violence
2. Impaired Social Interaction
3. Spiritual Distress
4. Disturbed Thought Processes
5. Self-Care Deficit
6. Hopelessness
7. Deficient Knowledge

Medication

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were launched in the mid to late 1980s. This generation of antidepressants is now the most common class used for depression. Examples include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), and sertraline (Zoloft).

Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A Thinking Problem

Cognitive therapy was developed in the 1960s as an alternative way to treat depression, says Judith S. Beck, PhD. Beck is director of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research located outside Philadelphia. She tells WebMD that the principle underlying cognitive therapy is "thoughts influence moods."