•BPG is a heterotropic allosteric inhibitor of Hb, binding in a
positively charged pocket distant from the heme.
•Its concentration is increased at high altitues.
•It reduces Oxygen affinity, shifting the binding curve to the
right.
•Although the hemoglobin has a lower affinity, it is capable of
increased delivery at high altitudes where the O2 is low.
BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) is involved in the adjustment of Oxygen delivery at high altitude. Briefly explain how...
Explain the role of BPG in Hb function. How is BPG involved with adaptation to high altitude? Draw and label a graph that illustrates Hb at low and high altitude. (10 pts.) WI
2) We discussed in class how the molecule 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is an inhibitor of hemoglobin (Hb). Answer the following questions about BPG and its regulation of oxygen binding: a) Would BPG have any effect on myoglobin’s ability to bind or release oxygen? If so, describe how BPG would affect myoglobin. If not, why? b) Based on the observation that BPG binds preferentially to partially deoxygenated Hb, briefly explain (1-2 sentences) where BPG is most likely to be most effective on...
In a mutant human hemoglobin, a mutation in the β chain abolishes binding of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) to the tetramer. How will this mutation influence the ability of this hemoglobin to give up oxygen at the peripheral tissues? Explain, briefly.
Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is a byproduct of glycolysis. It can bind to the deoxy state of hemoglobin but not the oxy state. Complete the sentence to explain how you expect BPG to shift the Hb-oxygen binding equilibrium. Addition of BPG will _______ because the system needs to compensate for _______ in _________ due to BPG.
In your own words, briefly explian how short-term (a few days) high altitude acclimation works with respect to the blood. If you stayed long-term at high altitude, other physiological changes would occur also. what would one or two of the changes be? (In terms of physiogical changes affecting myoglobin, BDP, hemoglobin (R)/(T) conformations, oxygen, etc.)
How does BPG, or 2,3-biphophoglycerate produce the shift in the oxygen bunding curves shown? (BPG works to effect the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin) Circle the correct choice. a) BPG binds to the R state of hemoglobin tetramer. b) BPG binds to the T state of hemoglobin tetramer. c) BPG binds to the heme group, which blocks access to the oxygen d) BPG oxidizes the iron (II) in the heme group to the iron (III), preventing oxygen from binding. 1.0...
Explain how pH, carbon dioxide, and 2,3-BPG promote the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Why is it important to favor the release but not the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?
2, High altitude pulmonary edema (and high altitude cerebral edema) are the major causes of death from altitude sickness, triggered by hypoxic conditions. a. Recall that alveolar ventilation and blood flow to pulmonary capillaries are matched to maximize diffusion of oxygen into the blood. when climbers eceed about 2500m of altitude they experience significantly low levels of atmospheric oxygen. How does this affect the state of contraction of their pulmonary arterioles? b. How would hypoxix conditions affect pressure in the...
G3P - NAD+ NADH + H+ NADH + H+ 1,3 BPG The reaction shown above is catalyzed by the enzyme G3P dehydrogenase and is part of the process used to produce ethanol from cellulose in the bacteria C. bescii. In this reaction glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) is conversted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG). Explain how the cell uses genetic information to make G3P Dehydrogenase. Your explanaion must include: • Names the 3 key macromolecules involved in the process and what...
DIAGRAM and BRIEFLY explain how energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria and aerobic bacteria. Label each process involved in energy conversions, and label two of the proteins involved in the final steps of making ATP. (compare this to ATP production during Photosynthesis) [hint: discuss electrons, gradients, and phosphates, and the proper terms for the pathways involved.]