Which criteria are necessary for establishing causation? Discuss these criteria in the context of smoking and...
Which criteria are necessary for establishing causation? Discuss these criteria in the context of smoking and lung cancer.
Homework Answers
Answer: The English statistician Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1965, proposed a set of nine criteria to provide epidemiologic evidence relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect. It is necessary for establishing causation because there should be at least presumed caused must be known. For the better treatment, there must be a criterion which includes the possibilities of the disease occurs.
The smoking and lung cancer is correlated, as smoking includes the consumption of tobacco along with many other harmful substances. the carbon causes collection of tar in the lungs which kills the respiratory cells and causes slow death of the lungs. These dead cells accumulate and form the tumor with the bacterial infection, hence causes lung cancer. So here the causation established that those people who are chain smoker are very prone to lung cancer and respiratory tract diseases.
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Which criteria are necessary for establishing causation? Discuss
these criteria in the context of smoking and...
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1. Suppose that the causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer is as follows. Whether or...
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