Question

1. answer 3 from 5 question with 200 words or more

2. What questions are descriptive epidemiologic studies designed to answer?

3. Explain the differences between incidence rates and prevalence rates. Provide an example of each

4. Explain the multicausation disease model.

5. Explain the difference between modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors to improve health.

6. Explain the concept of R0 (Basic Reproduction Number). What does it mean

Answer 1

Incidence rate means number of occurrences of new disease in a population.like as current corona virus infection disease is calculated as incidense rate.

Formula of incidence rate=number of new cases of the disease in a population in agiven period of time/number of persons exposed to the risk of developing the disease in same period *10ⁿ

Prevalence rate means number of disease in a particular population in a given period like as - no of people have Diabetes from January 2019 to march 2019

Formula=no of people with disease condition at a Given period of time/total no of population at the same time*10ⁿ

Modifiable risk factors means which you can modify or change such as your lifestyle ,diet pattern, bad habits like smoking , alcoholism etc

Non- modifiable risk factors means which you can't change or modify like your genetic pattern, age ,sex etc.

These two types of risk factors are used to explain causes of disease like hypertension, Diabetes ,etc.

Basic reproduction rate denoted as R_​​​O and pronounced as R nought or zero .

Basic reproduction rate of an infection means expected number of disease or cases directly generated by one case or disease in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection such as HIV ,polio etc.