Ans) Prochlorperazine:
Drug classification: Dopamine receptor antagonist that belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotic agents.
Mechanism of action: The mechanism of action of prochlorperazine has not been fully determined, but may be primarily related to its antidopaminergic effects.
- Blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, resulting in the blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and an increased dopamine turnover.
-Also it has anti-emetic effects, which can be attributed to dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
- Prochlorperazine also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, the blockade of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.
Expected dosage:
Prochlorperazine in suppository form comes in 25 milligram (mg) doses that can be taken twice a day. Tablets come in 5 and 10 mg formulas with a recommended dose of 10 to 40 mg a day.
Side effects:
Promethazine:
Drug classification: Phenothiazine derivative with primarily antihistaminic effects and also has antiemetic, anticholinergic, sedative actions.
Mechanism of action:
- Promethazine blocks the binding of histamine to receptors this prevents the actions of histamine.
- It blocks histamine receptors in an area of the brain called the vomiting center. It also acts to block other receptors in the vomiting center (serotonin receptors).
Dosage:
Treatment: 12.5 to 25 mg IM, IV, orally, or rectally every 4
hours as needed
Prophylaxis:
-Oral and Rectal: 25 mg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed
Side effects:
Precautions to both the above drugs i.e prochlorpromazine and promethazine is to inform Doctor about history of any signs & symptoms, allergy, etc.
- If dose is skipped then do tell doctor
- Report any signs & symptoms of complication.
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