1. Explain why aldehyde A is more reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than ketone B.
1. Explain why aldehyde A is more reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than ketone B.
Condensation Reactions Homework (Chapter 19) NAME 1. Explain why aldehyde A is more reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than ketone B. В 2. Give the curved arrow mechanism for each aldol reaction. O Он NaOH a. Н.о Н Н ОН NaOH Н.о NaOH, H2O heat Н NaOH, H2O d. heat н"
Condensation Reactions Homework (Chapter 19) NAME 1. Explain why aldehyde A is more reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than ketone B. 2. Give the curved arrow mechanism for each aldol reaction. est NaOH, H, heat NaOH, H, heat 3. Give the major organic aldol product for each reaction, along with the dehydration produs possible) formed after heating. NaOH H,0 heat NaOH heat HO heat NaOH HO
Which is more reactive toward nucleophilic attack, an aldehyde or a ketone? There are at least two reasons, give one
When an aldehyde or ketone undergo a nucleophilic attack, the reaction follows a nucleophilic addition mechanism. Conversely, carboxylic acids and their derivatives are known to undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution. Even though all of these functional groups are defined by the carbonyl group, they react very differently. In 1-3 sentences, explain why an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid derivative follow different mechanistic pathways in the presence of a nucleophilic species.
Put the following molecules in order towards nucleophilic addition (1 = most reactive). Explain your order. 8) Put the following molecules in order towards nucleophilic addition (1 = most reactive). Explain your order. Acetone Tert-butylmethyl ketone Perfluroacetone Formaldehyde
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. Because an Sw2 substitution can best take place on the sphybridized carborwyl carbon of the acyl halide. Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, neither H" nor Rºcan function as a leaving group. so a substitution cannot take place. The carbonyl carbon of the...
3. Give a brief explanation why acid chlorides are more reactive than esters in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, like a polymerization. Grading Scheme
(7 points) Explain why esters are more reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution compared to amides. Your answer should be clear and concise. Writing more than necessary only increases the odds of writing an incorrect statement, which could result in points off. nucleophilic acyl substitution Nu R X R Nu - - - - - - - - - - O RO R NO Ester Amide