Summarize and comment on an epidemiological survey utilized in public health (e.g. BRFSS)
Ans) Epidemiological studies have been used in setting the
guidelines for waste water reuse (WHO 1989), and in proposing the
draft guidelines for safe recreational water environments (WHO
1998).
- However, different approaches have been taken both in the use
made of the
epidemiological studies (as outlined above) and in the level of
risk that was considered acceptable. In the case of wastewater
reuse, evidence from a range of studies was taken into account and
a guideline level proposed that was estimated to result in no
measurable excess infection in the exposed population. In the case
of recreational water use, an acceptable level of risk was set, and
the microbiological level related to that level of risk was found,
using the dose–response curve produced by the best epidemiological
study
available linking microbial concentrations with
gastroenteritis.
- It seems possible, therefore, that the wastewater guidelines protect against a lower level of risk than the proposed recreational water guidelines.
- In contrast, the drinking water guidelines are based on ‘tried
and tested principles of
prevention of faecal pollution and good engineering practice.
- Now that more epidemiological studies of drinking water are
available, it is essential that all available epidemiological
evidence is taken
into account in the setting of future guidelines.
Summarize and comment on an epidemiological survey utilized in public health (e.g. BRFSS)
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