Question

Research and discuss the argument in an APA paper with a minimum of 350- word.

Regulation of Blood Pressure: (Homeostasis)

 Peripheral resistance

 Cardiac output

 Stroke Volume

 Vasoconstriction

 Vasodilate

Answer 1

Regulation of Blood pressure:

Regulation of blood pressure depends upon several variables such as cardiac output, stroke volume, peripheral resistance, and vascular system. Cardiac output is the amount of blood heart pumps through the ventricle. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected in per heart rate. Homeostasis is a compensatory mechanism and is achieved by several responses. The vasomotor center present in the medulla oblongata regulates the blood pressure by controlling the cardiac output and diameter of the blood vessel.

The heart rate is maintained by parasympathetic and sympathetic impulses. The sympathetic impulses increase the heart rate whereas the parasympathetic impulses decrease the heart rate. Thus the sympathetic activity causes vasoconstriction and parasympathetic activity causes vasodilation. Thus the changes in vasomotor activity are also regulated by baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located at the hypothalamus and cerebrum.

The hormones such as noradrenaline and catecholamines also regulate the vasomotor activity. When the blood pressure elevates, the baroreceptors nerve cells increase in number and transmits the impulses to the medulla. This stimulates the parasympathetic activity which decreases the BP and heart rate. When the blood pressure is decreased, the baroreceptor cells decreases and stimulates sympathetic activity which increases the cardiac output. The sympathetic stimulation constricts the peripheral arteries as the resistance increases. These two activities combined causes the blood pressure to increase.

The role of chemoreceptors is to detect the changes. When the blood pressure falls, the oxygen level decreases, carbon dioxide level increases, and pH decreases. The chemoreceptors stimulate the cardioacceleratory center in the brain to increase the heart rate and blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.

Thus the regulation of blood pressure is regulated by several responses and hormonal changes which have control centers at the brain. The neural mechanism is maintained and negative feedback responses when there is a change. The baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, vasomotor center altogether produces an alteration in cardio output and peripheral resistance in maintaining of blood pressure. In addition, the number of pathological changes is also associated with the regulation of blood pressure.