Question

21. What are the characteristics of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system (select all that apply? a CO2 is eliminated by the lungs b. Neutralizes HCl acid to yield carbonic acid and salt c. H2CO3 formed by neutralization dissociates into H2O and CO2 d. Shifts H+ in and out of cell in exchange for other cations such as potassium and sodium e. Free basic radicals dissociate into ammonia and OH-, which combines with Ho to form water 22. What are characteristics of the phosphate buffer system (select all that apply? a. Neutralizes a strong base to a weak base and water b. Resultant sodium biphosphate is eliminated by kidneys c. Free acid radicals dissociate into H+ and CO2, buffering excess base d. Neutralizes a strong acid to yield sodium biphosphate, a weak acid, and salt e. Shifts chloride in and out of red blood cells in exchange for sodium bicarbonate, buffering both acids and bases 23. A patient who has a large amount of carbon dioxide in the blood also has what in the blood? a Large amount of carbonic acid and low hydrogen ion concentration b. Small amount of carbonic acid and low hydrogen ion concentration c. Large amount of carbonic acid and high hydrogen ion concentration d. Small amount of carbonic acid and high hydrogen ion concentration 24. What is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis? a Shifting of bicarbonate into cells in exchange for chloride b. Kidney conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of hydrogen ions c. Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul's respirations) to increase CO2 excretion d. Decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of bicarbonate 25. A patient with a pH of 7.29 has metabolic acidosis. Which value is useful in determining whether the cause of the acidosis is an acid gain or a bicarbonate loss? a. PaCo2 c. Serum Na+ level b. Anion gap d Bicarbonate level 26 Match the acid-base imbalances with their mechanisms Acid Base Imbalance a Increased carbonic acid (H2CO3) b. Decreased carbonic acid (H2CO3) c. Increased base bicarbonate (HCO3-) -d Decreased base bicarbonate (HCO3-) Mechanism 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Respiratory acidosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 1

ANSWER.

21) Characterstics of carbonic acid buffer system.

            * CO2 is eliminated by the lungs.

            * Neutralize HCL acid to yield carbonic acid and salt.

            * HCO3 formed by neutralization dissociates into H2O and CO2.

22) Characterstics of phosphate buffer system.

            * Neutralizes a strong base to a weak base and water.

            * Resultant sodium biphosphate is eliminated by kidneys.

            * Neutralizes a strong acid to yeild sodium biphosphate,a weak acid

              and salt.

23) c) Patient who had large amount of carbon dioxide in the blood also has Large

          amount of carbonic acid and high hydrogen ion concentration.

24) d) Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis include Decreased respiratory

           rate and depth to retain CO2 and the kidney extraction of bicarbonate.

25) b) Value of Anion gap is useful to determine whether the cause of acidosis is an acid

           gain or bicarbonate loss.

          Anion gap is the calculated by calculate the difference between selected cations and

         anions.

         Anion gap = Na - (CL + HCO3)

          High anion gap indicate high level of acid in the blood.

26) Match acid base imbalance with their mechanisms

        a) Increased carbonic acid - 3) Respiratory acidosis.

         b) Decreased carbonic acid - 4) Respiratory alkalosis.

         c) Increased base bicarbonate - 2) Metabolic alkalosis.

        d) Decreased base bicarbonate - 1) Metabolic acidosis.