Question

Think about a time when you or someone you know suffered from health issues with their digestive tract. Describe the symptoms, diagnostic testing, diagnosis, and form of treatment associated with this medical condition. Use proper medical terminology in your post.

Please write it clearly thank yoy

Answer 1

Peptic ulcer

          It is an exacavation formed in the mucosal wall of the stomach,pylorus,duodenum or esophagus

          depending on the location it is named as gastric,duodenal and esophageal ulcers.

Symptoms

           * pain and burning sensation in the mid epigastrium,esophagus or in the back.

           * Pain is relieved by food or taking alkali and once stomach emptied pain starts again.

           * Feel tenderness when apply gentle pressure on epigastrium.

           * Constipation or diarrhoea may result from diet and medications.

           * Bleeding and tarry stools .

           * Pyrosis (Heart burn).

Diagnostic methods

           * Physical examination to check abominal tenderness,abdominal distention).

           * Endoscopic examination to identify ulcers (Upper GI barium studies).

           * Analysis stool specimen for occult blood.

           * Gastric secretory studies.

           * Biopsy and histological studies of tissues taken from GIT to detect H-pylori (Causative

              agent of peptic ulcer).

Nursing Diagnosis

            * Acute pain related to damaged gastric tissues and gastric acid secretion.

            * Anxiety related to coping with the disease condition.

            * Imbalanced nutrition related to inadequate intake of nutrients.

Treatment

        * Pharmacological therapy

                   * H2- Receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors to decrease stomach acid

                      secretion.(eg ; Ranitidine,Omeprazole etc)

                   *Cryporotective agents to protect mucosal cell from acid or NSAIDs.

                   * Antacids in combination with cimentidine or rantidine for stess related peptic ulcers.

                   * Antibiotics combined with proton pump inhibitors and bismuth salts to supress H pylori.

      * Smoking cessation because it increases duodenal acidity and inhibit ulcer repairment.

    * Psychological suppoert to reduce stress which is one of the reason for peptic ulcer.

        * Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages (Coffee,tea etc) which stimulate acid secretion.

        * Avoid milk products which are acid stimulators.

Surgical management

         * Surgical treatment done for severe hemorrhagic and perforative ulcers surgical procedures

           include,

                              * Vagotomy.(One or more branches of vagus nerve is cut to reduce gastric

                                                   secretion)

                              * Vagotomy with pyloroplasty.( Vagotomy with surgical repair of pylorus)

                              * Bilroth 1 or 2.(Gastroduodenostomy,Gastrojejunostomy)

                                           In gastroduodenostomy pylorus of stomach is removed and proximal part

                                           of stomach is anastomosed directly to duodenum.

                                          In gastrojejunostomy anastamosis created between stomach and loop of

                                           jejunum to bypass gastric contents.