Question

complete one Concept Map (provided) for one of the following medications: Metoprolol, Albuterol, Epinephrine, Bethanechol, Atropine, Dilaudid, Morphine, Fentanyl, Lorazepam, Dilantin

Name of the Medication

Summary of the Unit/Classification

Mechanism of Action

Typical routes of administration

Common side effects and adverse effects

Special considerations

Common Nursing interventions

Answer 1

answer :

NAME OF THE MEDICATION : metaprolol

CLASSIFICATION : sympathetic blocking drugs - beta adrenergic receptor blockers .

Mechanism of action : metaprolol blocks the cardiac beta 1 adrenergic receptors with little activity against. Beta 2 adrenergic receptors of lungs and vascular smooth muscles .

routes of administration : oral route - 25 mg ,50 mg and 100 mg and iv route - 5 mg .

side effects or adverse effects :

• CNS : fatigue ,weakness ,anxiety ,depression ,dizziness,drowsiness,insomnia,night mares and nervousness.
• ENT - blurred vision ,stuffy nose .
• respiratory - bronchospam,wheezing .
• cardio vascular - bradycardia,HF ,pulmonary oedema.
• gastro intestinal system - constipation,nausea,vomitings ,heart burns and flatulence.
• dermo- rashes .

Special considerations : metaprolol causes increased your blood urea nitrogen and increases blood glucose levels ,increases ANA titres and increases potassium levels and uric acid levels .

nursing interventions :

• Continues blood pressure monitoring .
• nurse should monitor the vital signs of client
• should maintain urine output chart .
• should monitor the heart rate ,pulse ,respirations .
• check whether patient had taken metaprolol or not. To prevent duplications .

2) name of the medication : albutarol

classification : brochodilators ( sympathomimetics - beta 2 agonists ) .

mechanism of action : it is a short acting agonist by relaxation of airway smooth muscles leading to bronchodilatation and inhibit the function of many inflammatory cells in the lungs .

routes of administration : by inhalation ,oral ,sc ,iv .effects last for 4-6 hours ,(2- 4 mg ).

Side effects or adverse effects :

• Tremors .
• head ache .
• tachycardia.
• arrhythmia .
• palpitation.
• CNS side effects .
• increases glucose concentration .
• hypokalemia.
• tachyphylaxis.
• hypoxemia .

Special considerations :

• Pregnancy
• may precipitate angina pectoris and dysarrhythmias.
• should be used with caution in hyperthyroidism.,diabetes mellitus ,prostatic hypertrophy,seizure disorders
• in emergency care can be used only by inhalation .

nursing interventions :

• Should monitor the vital signs carefully .
• be assure the patient whether he suffering with dyspnea or breathing problems .

3) name of the medication : epinephrine

Classification : sympathomimetics .

mechanism of action : stimulates the alpha 1 ,beta1 beta2 adrenergic receptors .

route of administration : IM ,SC AND IV ( 1 mg ).

adverse effects or side effects :

• Anxiety .
• apprehensiveness.
• restlessness.
• tremors.
• weakness.
• dizziness.
• vomitings and nausea.
• head ache.
• ventricular fibrillation.
• arrhythmias .

Special considerations :

• pregnancy
• syncope has occured after epinephrine administration.
• increased myocardial oxygen demand .

Nsg interventions : monitor the vital signs .

check for consciousness and heart rate of patient .

4) name of the medication : bethanechol

classification : parasympathomimetics .

mechanism of action : it directly acting on mucsarinic receptors .

routes of administration : oral /sc .

side effects or adverse effects :

• Dizziness
• drowsiness.
• head ache .
• Vomitings .
• diarrhea.
• abdominal cramps .
• light headed ness.

Special considerations : pregancy and hepatic impairment .

nsg interventions : should monitor vital signs and should maintain intake and output chart.

5) name of the medication : atropin

classification :anticholinergic drug - naturally acting alkaloids.

Mechanism of action : atropine is a competitive antagonist of acetyl choline and other muscarinic agonists in the all muscarinic receptors that is M1 and m5, it has anticholinergic action.

routes of administration : IV ,IM ( 0.6 mg ) or SC

adverse reactions or side effects :

• tachy acrdia.
• drymouth.
• Dry nose.
• arrhythmias.
• mydriasis.
• blurred vision.
• hyperthermia.
• ataxia.
• urticaria.
• nausea and vomitings .

Special consideration : pregnancy .

nsg interventions : monitor the vital signs .

check the response of client .

6) name of the medication : morphine

Classification : opiod alkalois - phemmnanthrene .

mechanism of action : inhibits the adenylcyclase

route of administration : oral ,SC ,IM,IV .

Side effects :

• Nausea
• Vomitings
• head ache
• light headed ness.
• constipation .
• drowsiness.

Special considerations : pregnancy

nsg interventions : nursr should check the bp before administering .monitor vital signs important .

7) name of the drug : fentanyl

mechanism of action : it is a G protein coupled receptors and their stimulation inhibits the adenyl cyclase decreases intracellular cAMP content.

classification :opioid alkoloids - mu agonists .

Route of administration : Oromucosal ,im ,iv sublingual ,fentanyl patches .

side effects :

• Nausea.
• vomitings .
• rigidity .
• itching.
• headache .

Special considerations : pregnancy

nsg interventions .

- monitor vital signs ,check the breathing pattern ,check for heart rate ,respiratory rate and bp .