Question

Complete a concept map for antihypertensive drugs.

Classification-

Indications-

Protypes-

Adverse Effects-

Contraindications-

Nursing Considerations

Answer 1

Antihypertensive drugs

Classification

      1.Diuretics

                * Thiazides

                         chlorthalidone,loperamide,hydrochlorothiazide.

              * Loop diuretics

                        Frusemide,torsemide,bumetanide.

              * Pottasium sparing diuretics

                        Spironolactone,amiloride,triamterene.

2.Drug acting on renin-angiotensin system

                    * Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

                               Enalapril,captopril,lsinopril

                      * Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists

                              Losartan,valsartan,olmesartan.

                     * Renin inhibitors

                              Aliskiren.

3.Sympatholytics

                  * Centrally acting drugs

                              Methydopa,clonidine,gunafacine

                  * Ganglion blockers

                              Trimethaphan.

                  * Adrenergic neuron blockers

                              Reserpine, Guanithidine.

                 * Adrenergic receptor blockers

                             Alpha blockers

                                     Prazosin,Terazosin,doxazocin.

                  * Beta blockers

                                     Propranolol,atenolol,esmolol

                    * Alpha and beta blockers

                                     Carvedilol,Labetolol

4.Calcium channel blockers

                       Nifedipine,verapamil,nicardipine.

5. Vasodilators

                * Arteriolar vasodilators

                        Hydralazine,minoxidil.

               * Arteriolar and venus dilators

                       Sodium nitroprusside

Indications

              * Used to control hypertension.

              * Used in congestive heart failure.

              * Used in myocardial infarction.

              * Used in coronary artery diseases.

              * Used for patient with chronic renal failure.

Prototypes

            Propanolol - Non selective beta antagonist.

            Metaprolol -Selective beta antagonist.

            Cardividilol - Alpha and beta blocker.

            Clonidine - Alpha 2 agonist.

            Doxazosin -Alpha 1 antagonist.

            Nifidipine - Calcium channel blocker.

           Reserpine - Adrenergic neuron blocker.

Adverse effects

            * Headache.Dizziness.

            * Hypotension.

            * Skin rashes.

            * Hyperkalemia.

            * Broncho constriction.

             * Persistant dry cough.

             * Teratogenicity.

Contra indications

                * ACE inhibitors contra indicated in pregnancy.

                * Patient with renal artery stenosis.

                * Contra indicated in patient with angioedema.

                *Conta indicated in patient with severe asthma attacks.

                * Patient with hypovolemic shock or dehydration.

Nursing considerations

               *Before administering check for contraindications to this drug(hypovolemia,renal problems)

              * Routine monitoring of vital signs is needed for checking changes in blood pressure and

                heart rate.

              * Postural hypotension common in patients who take antihypertensives so give instructions

                 to patient about risk of fall when wake up from the bed.

              * Education provide to patient about importance of execises,smoking cessation and low

                 sodium diet increase the effect of antihypertensive drugs.

              * Instruct the patient that antihypertensives use along with food to reduce GI distress.