Question

Pls, give a minimum of 400 words or more for your answer. And must be well-composed sentences and well paragraphed.

Distinguish between different kinds of healthcare: population-based public health medical practice, long-term practice, and end-of-life practice as it relates to community health management.

Answer 1

Ans)

Kindig and Stoddart (2003), define population health as “an approach [that] focuses on interrelated conditions and factors that influence the health of populations over the life course, identifies systematic variations in their patterns of occurrence, and applies the resulting knowledge to develop and implement policies and actions to improve the health and well-being of those populations.”

They propose that population health is concerned with both the definition of measurement of health outcomes and the pattern of determinants. Determinants include medical care, public health interventions, genetics, and individual behavior, along with components of the social (e.g., income, education, employment, culture) and physical (e.g., urban design, clean air, water) environments.

Public health, on the other hand, can be defined as what “we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy” (Institute of Medicine, 1988). Federal and state public health policies and programs play an important role in the health of the overall population of a nation and its states; however, as noted in the definition above public health is not the same as population health.

- For health professionals, there is a set of core competencies that can advance adherence to the rules of a redesigned health care system as envisioned in the Quality Chasm report: provide patient-centered care, work in interdisciplinary teams, employ evidence-based practice, apply quality improvement, and utilize informatics.
The extent to which current health professionals are implementing these competency areas does not meet the health care needs of the American public.

- The areas include the regulatory and quality monitoring functions performed by governmental agencies, disease surveillance and reporting by health care providers, and the provision of safety-net services.

- Although assurance is a core function of public health, governmental public health agencies often do more than assure that people can access health care services; public health departments may become providers of last resort in areas where no other services are available for low-income, uninsured populations and when managed care services to Medicaid and uninsured populations are discontinued.

- These circumstances force public health departments to provide personal health care services instead of using their resources and population-level approaches to guide and support community efforts to change the conditions for health.

- Closer collaboration and integration between governmental public health agencies and the health care delivery system may enhance the capacities of both to improve population health and may support the efforts of other public health system actors.