Question

NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Consists of: Brain and spinal cord All the rest of the nerves outside of the CNS Function: Voluntary function AUTONOMIC NS Function: Involuntary function Adrenergic Nerve Cell Cholinergic Nerve cell Adrenergic RX example /therapeutic use -adrenaline For bradycardia, cardiac arrest Cholinergic RX example/Therapeutic Use -pilocarpine-increases drainage of the eye. Used in glaucoma -donepezil- Alzheimer's Adrenaline/ Norepinephrine 2 main gwa pitous Acetylcholine -albuterol- For asthma attack- opens airway Stimulates Stimulates Adrenergic Blocker RX example/Therapeutic Use Overstimulated: cause diarrhea, urination, Cholinergic Blocker example therapeutic use -atropine-dries secretions or dilate pupil SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Betablocker-ie atenolol Block affect of epinephrine used to bring blood pressure down. STRESSII-Body Response Body's response to SNS: Increase heart rate, blood pressure, dilate bronchioles, dilates eyes Peace & Rest-Body response: Body's response to PNS: All fluids a go: deification, urination, lacrimation, leaming, salivation, decreased heart rate and blood pressure **Anticholinergic side effects-everything is dry. Constipation, urinary retention, dry eyes, dry eyes, dry mouth, confusion

Create a map or outline of the nervous system and include the required data:

• Divisions of the nervous system and function
• Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Sympathetic Response/Parasympathetic Response
• Example of Adrenergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
• Example of Adrenergic Blocker Rx & It's therapeutic use
• Example of Cholinergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
• Example of Cholinergic Blocker Rx & therapeutic use

Answer 1

Concept map of nervous system :

The Nervous System Central NS (The body's master control unit) Peripheral NS (The body's link to the outside world) Spinal Cord A column of nerves between the brain and peripheral nervous system Brain stem Connects the brain to the spinal cord Brain Divided into three major parts, the hindbrain (lower part) - the midbrain the forehrain The Autonomic NS Regulates involuntary bodily processes, including heart rate, respiration, digestion and pupil contraction; operates automatically without conscious direction The Somatic NS Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor (movement) commands to muscles, controls voluntary movements Sympathetic NS Prepares the body for action and stress. This is called "light or flight" Parasympathetic NS calms the body and helps the body to conserve energy

Example of adrenergic treatment and it's therapeutic use :-

#Alpha agonists

1.Hemostasis: arrest of bleeding; alpha stimulates given to stop bleeding primarily in skin & mucous membranes (Epinephrine agonist used most for this purpose)

2. Nasal Decongestant: nasal congestion results from dilation & engorgement of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. Alpha1 activating agents used to nasal congestion (phenylephrine-applied topically & ephedrine-taken orally)

3. Adjunct to local anesthesia: delay anesthetic absorption; reduces blood flow at site, prolongs anesthesia, reduction in anesthetic dosage, reduces systemic effects that local anesthetic might cause. (epinephrine used most frequently)

4. Elevation of Blood Pressure: result of vasoconstriction; not primary therapy for hypotension-reserved situation in which fluid replacement/other measures failed.

5. Mydriasis (dilation of pupil): facilitate eye examination & ocular surgery. Only clinical use that is not based on vasoconstriction.

#. Example of adrenergic blocker and it's therapeutic use :-

- Alpha blocker ,its uses :-

- HYPERTENSION

- Pheochromocytoma

- Antagonist to CA induced Peripheral vasodilation

- Visceral ischemia

#. Examples of Cholinergic treatment and therapeutic use :-

Acetylcholine :

Acetylcholine actions

↓ HR & Cardiac output: Mimics effects of vagal stimulation

↓ BP: Vasodilation

GI: ↑ salivary & intestinal secretions, ↑ motility

Respiratory: ↑ Bronchial secretions

GU: ↑ tone of detrusor muscle (release of urine)

Ophthalmic: Ciliary muscle contraction for near vision

Constriction of pupils (miosis)