Question

1. A closer look - Trace minerals and their deficiency symptoms

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the world, affecting nearly a third of the world population – over 2 billion people. This is a serious issue, but highly treatable and preventable. Fully understanding iron’s roles, sources, and health benefits can show just how important it is to address global iron deficiency anemia.

Normal Blood Cells Compared to Iron Deficient Blood Cells

Normal red blood cell production In iron deficiency DNA synthesis and cell division begins Hemoglobin synthesis begins Hemoglobin synthesis intensifies, Without iron, hemoglobin synthesis is impaired slowing DNA synthesis and cell division Nucleus migrates to cell wall Nucleus and all cell organelles leave the cell Mature red blood cells are small, containing only cytoplasm packed with hemoglobin Red blood cells in iron-deficiency anemia are relatively smaller (microcytic) and pale (hypochromic)

Use your knowledge of iron’s role in the human body to answer the following questions to the best of your ability.

Most commonly known for its ability to bind to oxygen, iron also plays the important role of acting as a _____ to many enzymes in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions.

a. analog

b. substrate

c. catalyst

c. cofactor

Red blood cells without iron become pale and this is called hypochromic. In individuals with lighter skin, this also results in a distinct pale appearance called ... .

a.microcytic

b. apathy

c. pallor

d. anemia

Vegans, vegetarians, and those following a variety of plant-based diets can get enough iron from their diet from eating foods that contain .......... iron along with vitamin C rich foods on a daily basis.

a. chloro

b.phyto

c. non heme

d.heme

Zinc is an important essential mineral used in many metabolic reactions and more. Almost every cell in the human body contains zinc, with the highest concentrations being found in bone and muscle.

Use your knowledge of zinc’s role in the human body to answer the following questions to the best of your ability.

Zinc is integral to many functions in the human body; consequences of deficiency can be severe. Zinc deficiency hinders     and absorption, causing diarrhea, which further contributes to deficiency in zinc and other nutrients.

a.gastric mobility

b. digestion

c. swallowing

d. interaction

The next few questions will help you dig deeper into copper’s importance in the human body.

Use your knowledge of copper to answer the following questions.

For the most part, typical/common U.S. diets naturally provide---------------- amounts of copper.

A.excessive

b.adequate

c. dangerous

c.insufficient

Answer 1

Iron is an important micronutrient necessary for almost all functions of the body.It combines with the heme to give the blood cells the red color,it helps to carry oxygen for metabolism thus acting as a carrier in the oxidative metabolic reaction.There are various enzymatic reduction reactions in the cells this is possible only with the cofactor iron.Hence it cannot act as an analog,catalyst or as a substrate in the reduction process

Ans:cofactor

The lack of iron gives the RBC a pale color(yellowish), this can be visualized by observation of the shone which looks pallor in color

Microcytic refers to small size cell,apathy means without interest, anemia refers to lack or low level of hemoglobin

Ans:pallor

People who are eating plant based foods can get iron usually from non heme iron rich foods like all plant based foods including the animal products.The absorption of this depends greatly on may cofqctirs like the other foods taken .Foods which enhances iron absorption in vegans are eating vitamin c rich foods,citric fruits,etc.,

Chloro refers to the green pigmentation of the plant ,phyto also refers to plant based ,heme refers to the iron received from the animals meat

Ans:non heme

Zinc deficiency can lead to problems of gastrointestinal system reproductive system,cause infection easily, loss of smell,oral sores, anorexia,diarrhea, growth retardation etc.,

Ans:gastric mobility

According to the recent research it has been found that the typical US diet comprises of more copper in their food Adukrs consume nearly 1400 to 1700mcg/day

Ans:adequate