Question

Describe 3 common types of urinary incontinence; include a discussion of the causes, manifestations and nursing interventions

Answer 1

Urinary incontinence is also called as enuresis or inability to control urine resulting in urine leakage

The most common types of urinary incontinence are

• Stress incontinence
• Urge incontinence
• Overflow incontinence

STRESS INCONTINENCE

CAUSES:

• Excess physical activity
• Direct strain on the bladder
• Activities like coughing, sneezing ,exercise, coitus
• Child birth,pregnancy
• Prostate cancer
• Age
• Pelvic surgery

MANIFESTATION

• Involuntary urine leakage
• Leakage while exercising ,tension

NURSING INTERVENTION

• Administer medication as per order
• Teach pelvic floor examination which tightens the muscle
• Health educate on diet and life style modification (no caffeine, smoking )

URGE INCONTINENCE

This is also similar to stress incontinence but the leak can be from mild to more severe

CAUSES:

• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Extreme emotions
• Intoxication
• Neurological disorders
• Diabetes

MANIFESTATION:

• Dribbling of urine continuously
• Excess urine leakage
• Frequent urge to void
• Discomfort and irritation
• UTI
• Fever due to infection

NURSING INTERVENTION:

• Administer medication as per order
• Encourage to do Kegel exercise
• Simple catheterization as per order in female
• Condom catheterize   in case of male patients
• Hygienic care and personal care

OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE

This a continuous leakage of urine

CAUSES:

• Urethral strictures
• Prostate enlargement
• Muscle weakness (loss of detrusor contraction)
• Medication (antipsychotic, antidepressant)
• Epidural anaesthesia
• Growth of smooth muscle tissue in bladder

MANIFESTATION

• Continuous leakage
• Fever due to infection

NURSING INTERVENTION

• Administer medication as per order
• Continuous drainage by foley's catheterization
• Preparing the patient for surgery to treat underlying causes
• post op care if treated for any underlying causes
• Helping in daily activities
• Proper personal hygiene care in private area when soiled
• Keep the patient dry and clean