Question

Case Scenario: A 34-year-old woman schedules an appointment for her yearly gynecologic and breast exam. Over the past several months, she has noted increased breast tenderness associated with her consumption of caffeine. By stopping her consumption of coffee and caffeinated soft drinks, she has noted that her breasts have a less lumpy feeling as well. At her appointment, she explains her observations with her physician. While performing the breast exam, the physician notices a small firm mass in the woman’s right breast. She schedules the woman for a mammogram and possible ultrasound to determine the origin of the mass. The woman is visibly upset and explains she has an aunt who recently was diagnosed with breast cancer.

1. Question: What factors affect cellular regulation of a woman’s breast? Explain hormonal effect and family history. Include in your answer specific facts, data, examples and other information drawn from your textbook and at least one other supplemental source.

Case Scenario: A 43-year-old man is seen in the emergency department after he noticed scrotal swelling while showering. Finding the enlargement alarming, he is unable to give a definitive answer when asked about the pain. A physical examination reveals a mild swelling on the left side with no apparent discoloration. The man explains that he was involved in a minor motor-vehicle accident approximately two weeks ago but had no specific history of scrotal injury.

2. Question: The physician explains to the patient he has a hydrocele. Explain what this is and how it impacts health of this individual. Support your answer using specific facts, data, examples, and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source.

Answer 1

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