Question

One-Paper Assignment

• In certain cases it's legally and ethically appropriate for health professionals to proceed with a treatment without consent or proceed with a treatment that is against the patient decision, give your opinion in detail and examples. Also, what is capacity and when does an adult lack capacity?

• The paper essay assignment must be 2 pages (500 words) without references, black, 12 font, Times New Roman, Double space, heading and subheading - bold. When using references, APA format is considered. No plagiarism.

  please write the answer without hand

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Answer 1

In certain cases, it's legally and ethically appropriate for health professionals to proceed with a treatment without consent or proceed with a treatment that is against the patient decision, give your opinion in detail and examples. Also, what is capacity and when does an adult lack capacity?

A physician is ethically and legally obliged to keep a patient's medical information confidential except in isolated cases, in which the patient is at risk of harm to self or others. Similarly, its important to get patient consent before giving treatment, however

Sometimes it’s important to give treatment without taking patient concerns, health professionals have to work by their own in some situations.

Expressing a decision

· After patients reviews the standardized information sheet, they are briefed by the physician over the course of the planned intervention and all relevant risks and complications.

· Once patients (or their surrogate decision-maker) have been briefed, they must be provided with adequate time to digest that information.

· The patient (or their surrogate decision-maker) must then clearly communicate their decision

Exceptions to standard informed consent

· The following measures are generally performed without (or against) the patient's consent, although a thorough attempt to persuade the patient to comply voluntarily is preferred:

· Life-threatening emergencies (e.g., an unconscious trauma patient without a surrogate decision-maker present)

· The physician can be individually accountable for unequivocally necessary measures in an acute emergency.

· If the patient is unconscious, the patient's presumed will is determined, with a particular gravity assigned to the advance directive.

· A patient lacking decision-making capacity, but whose surrogate decision-maker has authorized intervention

· A patient lacking decision-making capacity, for whom no surrogate decision-maker is available, and treatment is in the best interest of the patient

· Examination, treatment, or quarantine to prevent epidemics

· If the patient's decision to refuse treatment poses a safety risk to their own well-being and/or the welfare of others (e.g., in the event of severe psychosis, patient with active TB)

· A legal form must be completed by a physician that allows temporary commitment (usually for a few days at most)

· Informed consent of the patient or surrogate is required if hospitalization is required beyond the stabilization period

· And for the present scenarios like epidemic diseases its compulsory for the health professional to work without concern from the patients, because it’s a social issue, which can affect the community.

· In case of alcohol and drug abuse also patient wont be giving consent for treatment, but considering his insight about the drug/alcohol abuse, and his health situations, health professionals can start treatment without direct concern from patient

Capacity

Means the ability to use and understand information to make a decision, and communicate any decision made.

A person lacks capacity if their mind is impaired or disturbed in some way, which means they're unable to make a decision at that time.

Examples of how a person's brain or mind may be impaired include:

· mental health conditions – such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

· dementia

· severe learning disabilities

· brain damage – for example, from a stroke or other brain injury

· physical or mental conditions that cause confusion, drowsiness or a loss of consciousness

· intoxication caused by drugs or alcohol misuse

Someone with such an impairment is thought to be unable to make a decision if they cannot:

· understand information about the decision

· remember that information

· use that information to make a decision

· communicate their decision by talking, using sign language or any other means