Question

Write a reflection paper between 3-4 pages in length with at least 4 reference and citations should be added in APA format. Write about the following topic. The risk factors for morbidity and mortality can be categorized into four groups: Health Related viors, Nutritional Exposures, Environmental Exposures and Untreated Medical Conditions. How do these risk factors differ in low-income and middle income countries when compared to high income countries? How does this impact the distribution of global disease burden when comparing low- income and middle income countries to high income countries? Explain in your own words.

Answer 1

Answer :

• In general ,every individual should have optimum level of health ,if the people are lack in any factor such as poor environmental situation ,poor nutritional behaviour and presence of chronic conditions may lead to disease or death of the person.
• So many factors are interlinked with the morbidity and mortality of the people such as physical factors , psychological factors , ecological factors , financial ,occupational ,emotional and education levels etc .

In above question risk factors categorised in to four forms :

Health related behaviour :

• Physical inactivity
• Stress
• Drug abuse
• Drop out from immimmunization or vaccination
• Poor medical care
• Decreased quality of care .

Nutritional exposures :

• Unhealthy dietary habits .
• Lack of food
• Inadequacy of nutritious food .
• Vitamin deficiencies .
• Protein and energy deficiency
• High cholesterol intake .
• Low friut and vegetable intake .
• Low breast feeding or early weaning .

Environmental factors :

• Unsafe water drinking
• Poor sanitation .
• Poor environmental hygiene
• Presence of high pathogenic organisms .

Untreated medical conditions :

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Child hood underweight .
• Unsafe sex
• Other chronic medical conditions

Distribution of risk factors in low income , middle income and high income countries :

Low income countries :

• Risk factors percentages :

1. Child hood underweight : 9.9 %
2. Unsafe water ,sanitation , hygiene : 6.3
3. Unsafe sex : 6.2
4. Sib optional breast feeding : 4.1
5. Indoor smoke from solid fuels : 4.0
6. Vit .A deficiency : 2.4
7. High blood pressure :2.2
8. Alcohol Use : 2.1
9. High blood glucose : 1.9
10. Zink deficiency : 1.7

Middle income countries :

• Alcohol Use : 7.6
• High blood pressure : 5.4
• Tobacco Use : 5.4
• Over weight and obesity : 3.6
• High blood glucose : 3.4
• Unsafe sex : 3.0
• Physical inactivity : 2.7
• High cholesterol : 2.5
• Occipational risk : 2.3
• Unsafe water , sanitation ,hygiene : 2.0

High income countries :

1. Tobacco Use : 10.7
2. Alcohol Use : 6.7
3. Over weight and obesity : 6.5
4. High blood pressure : 6.1
5. High blood glucose : 4.9
6. Physical inactivity : 4.1
7. High cholesterol : 3.4
8. Illicit drugs : 2.1
9. Occupational risks : 1.5
10. Low intake of fruits and vegetables intake 1.3

So there are various factors For morbidity and mortality in low ,middle and high income countries .

Morbidity and mortality risk high in low income compare to middle and high income countries .

This can impact the global disease burden .