Question

Blood melatonin levels are higher in normal ovulation cycle or in someone who had her ovaries removed? Why?

Also, Is a genetic mutation going to affect the production of hypothalamic kisspeptin and plasma leptin? Why?

Please explain so I can be able to understand, thank you.

Answer 1

melatonin is a small molecule that affects the ovaries depending upon their concentration. it is produced by pineal gland and studies say that it is also synthesized from serotonin in the ovaries.

this highly diffusible hormone is found in blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, anterior chamber of eye, retina, gut and bone marrow. It is it is also present in reproductive fluids such as breast milk, preovulatory follicles, semen amniotic fluid.

melatonin acts as an antioxidant, lowers heart rate and blood pressure during sleep, plays a role in circadian rhythm.

melatonin in reproduction

melatonin acts on varies both directly and indirectly, indirectly on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and directly through its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic properties as well as regulation of luteinising hormone.

high-level melatonin indicates inhibition of ovulation, it decreases before the start of puberty. infertility may be as a result of low estrogen level and high melatonin levels. also,  those with functional amenorrhea, have a high melatonin level and affects hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hypofunction result in temporary infertility by preventing menstruation.

therefore, low melatonin level is essential for fertility. and those who had removed their ovaries have a high level of melatonin.