Question

What is the main structure and functions of the following systems? Skeleton, Muscular, Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Endocrine, Nervous and Skin.

Describe the relationships of parts of the body in the anatomical position, and compare the relative position of two structures with each other.

Answer 1

Integumentary system consist of hair, skin, nailsforms external body covering, synthesis vitamin D and houses pain and pressure receptors.

Skeletal system includes bones, joinys and provide framework ,protects and supports.

Muscular system-muscles, tendons, ligaments_allows locomotion, produced heat.

Lymphatic system-spleen, lymph nodes-picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels, returns to blood and disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream.

Respiratory system-lungs, trachea-supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide.

Digestive system-esophagus, stomach, liver, small and large intestine- breaks down food into absorbable units and indigestable food is eliminated as faeces.

Nervous system-Brain, spinal cord- recieves and responds to internal and external stimuli.

Endocrine system-Pancreas, ovaries, and trstes-glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use.

Cardiovascular system-Heart, blood vessels-blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes.

Urinary system-Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters-eliminates nitrogenous wastes.

Reproductive system-Female -Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagi na.

In Anatomical position, the body is erect, facing forward, feet slightly apart, arm at sides with palm forward.

Superior-Toward the head end or upper part of a structure if the body, above egg, head is superior to the sbdomen.

Ventral-Toward or at the front of the body ,in front of, eg the breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Dorsal-Toward or at the back of the body eg heart is posterior to the breast bone.

Medial -Toward or at the mudline of the body, on the innerside of eg- the heart is medial to the arm.

Lateral-away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of eg- the arms are lateral to this the chest.

Proximal-close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk eg- the elbow is proximal to the wrist.