Question

dentify the therapeutic class, drug form, use, action, adverse reaction, contraindication use and nursingcare and teaching for the following drugs; Naloxone (Narcan)

Answer 1

The brandname of Naloxone is Narcan. It is a medication used to blocks or reverses the effects of opioids. For instance; in patients with overdose.

Therapeutic class: It belongs to the group of Agents for Opioid Toxicity or Overdose

Drug form: The drug form is mainly in injections and nasal spray. The injection is available  in the form of intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous injections.

Uses: It is used to treat a narcotic overdose in an emergency situation b) to treat septic shock and c) totreat respiratory disorders.

Adverse reaction: Mild: a) tremor b) vomiting c) nausea d) agitation e) flushing f) nasal dryness, congestion and irritation g) headache h) musculoskeletal pain i) paresthesia and j) rhinalgia

Moderate: a) hypotension b) sinus tachycardia c) hypertension d) dyspnea e) confusion f) respiratory depression g) hypoxia h) hallucinations i) constipation and j) withdrawal symptoms.

Sever: a) ventricular fibrillation b) seizures c) pulmonary edema d) ventricular tachycardia and e) cardiac arrest.

Contraindication:

a) CARDIAC DISEASES: Caution should be taken in patients with cardiac diseases and cardioactive drug users. It has potential effect on cardiovascular diseases an causes hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and pulmonary edema.

b) Pregnant mothers c) Breast feeding mothers d) patients with hypersensitivity reactions and e) in acute opioid withdrawal substance abusers.

Nursing care: INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN RELATED TO THE DRUG EFFECT

ASSESSMENT: a) Obtain complete health history related to pulmonary, liver, cardiac, mental, renal and biliary systems.

b) Assess the respiratory depression and also assess the level of consciuosness of the patient.

PLANNING: The patient will

a) Maintain a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute

b) Describe the drug's action by clearly defining the adverse effects and precautions

c) Demonstrate ability to effectively clear airway

d) Demonstrate adequate tissue perfusion.

INTERVENTIONS:

a) Monitor vitalsigns including respiration, cardiac output, central venous pressure and oxygen saturation level.

b) Monitor tissue perfusion

c) Obtain ABG including PO2 and PCO2 before and fter administartion of drugs.

d) Monitor neurological status and level of pain.

IMPLEMENTATION:

a) Inform the caregiver, the purpose of respiratory functions

b) Mechanical admission has to made ready in view of any emergency situation

c) ABG helps to determine the need for airway support.

Education: a)The patient should be educated for immediate medical help if there is any allergic reactions

b) the patient should be educated on the reverse reaction of opioid effects because sudden withdrawal cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, sweating, seizures, fast heart rate and increased blood pressure.

c) Over the counter medication should be avoided.

d) Patients should be taught about the side effects to make aware of the conditions.

e) Perform neurological status and observe for any changes in the level of consciousness.