Question

Title of study: Relationships among daytime napping and fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life in cancer patients.

Background: The relationships among napping and sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients are not clearly understood.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether daytime napping is associated with night-time sleep, fatigue, and QOL in cancer patients.

Methods: In total, 187 cancer patients were recruited. Daytime napping, nighttime self-reported sleep, fatigue, and QOL were assessed using a questionnaire. Objective sleep parameters were collected using a wrist actigraph.

Results: According to waking-after-sleep-onset measurements, patients who napped during the day experienced poorer nighttime sleep than did patients who did not (t = –22.44, p = .02). Daytime napping duration was significantly negatively correlated with QOL. Patients who napped after 4 PM had poorer sleep quality (t = –1.93, p = .05) and a poorer Short-Form Health Survey mental component score (t = 2.06, p = .04) than did patients who did not. Fatigue, daytime napping duration, and sleep quality were significant predictors of the mental component score and physical component score, accounting for 45.7% and 39.3% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusions: Daytime napping duration was negatively associated with QOL. Napping should be avoided after 4 PM.

Implications for Practice: Daytime napping affects the QOL of cancer patients. Future research can determine the role of napping in the sleep hygiene of cancer patients.

What were the independent and dependent variables in this study? What are the PICO components?

Answer 1

independent variable will be day time napping and fatigue

and dependent variables are sleep quality and quality of life

PICO components

Patient: cancer patients

Intervention : assessment of quality of life and quality of sleep

Components: day time napping and fatigue and its relationship with quality of life and sleep hygiene of cancer patients.