Glucose tolerance test
It is a gold standard for making diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition it also aids in the diagnosis of insulin resistance, impaired beta cell functioning, reactive hypoglycemia. Two type
1 oral glucose tolerance tesy.
2 Intravenous glucose tolerance test.
Indication
Patients having symptom of DM
During pregnancy.
To monitor benign renal glucosuria.
Principle
After a standard oral dose of glucose, plasma and urine glucose levels are monitored at regular intervals, in order to measure tolerance.
Nursing intervention
Patient preparation
*Patient should be on balanced diet.
*Patient should avoid drugs that influence blood glucose 2 days prior to test.
*All samples should be preferably venous.
During procedure
*A fasting sample of venous blood is collected.
*Urine is collected to test glucose and ketone bodies.
*Give 75 grams of glucose dissolved in about 250 ml of water and note time.
*Collect five specimen of venous blood and urine every 30 minutes after glucose administration.
*Send the samples to laboratory for estimation of glucose level.
Vitamins abd minerals required during pregnancy
IRON
Total iron requirement during pregnancy is estimated approximately 1000mg. This is distributed in fetus and placenta 300mg and expanded red cell mass 400mg. The iron need is notsquarely distributd throughout the pregnancy but mostly limited to the third trimester. In the absence of iron supplementation there is a drop in hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin concentration at term pregnancy. Thus pregnancy is an inevitable iron deficiency state.
Principle
Iron during pregnancy is essential for firmation of haemoglobin and storage in the foetus.
Nursing intervention
Advice the patient to take leafy vegetables, orgam meat, and nuts
If women fail to meet iron requirement give iron in the form of soluble ferrous salt.
Amniocentesis
Procedure
Small amount of amniotic fluid which contain fetal tissue is sampled from amniotic tissue is sampled from amniotic sac. Then fetal DNA is examined.
Indication
*Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormality.
*To detect fetal infection.
*For sex determination.
Complication
Risk for miscarriage.
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