Question

roup Members STRUCTIONS All questions apply to this case study. Your responses should be brief and to the point. When asked provide several answers, Ist them in order of priarity or significance. Do not assume information that is not provided lease print or write clearly. If your response is not legible, it will be marked as 7 and you will need to rewrite it .. cenario u are working at a physician's office, and you have just taken C.Q., a 38-year-old woman, into the insultation room. C.Q. has been divorced for 5 years, has 2 daughters (ages 14 and 16), and works Il time as a legal secretary. Two weeks ago she visited her physician for a routine physical examina- n and requested that a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test be performed. c.a. stated that e was in a serious relationship, is contemplating marriage, and just wanted to make certain she was K. No abnormalities were noted during C.Q.'s physical examination, and blood was drawn for routine ood chemistries, hematology studies, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test Iso known as the enzyme immunoassay [EIA] test). C.Q. is at the office to receive her lab results. The ysician informs you that C.Q.'s EIA was positive. 1. What is an EIA test? Does a positive EIA mean that C.Q. definitely has HIV? 2. You explain to C.Q. that one of her tests needs to be repeated and you need to draw another blood sample. Why wouldn't you tell C.Q. that her first test result was positive and that another test is needed before the diagnosis can be confirmed? bos ASE STUDY PROGRESS e physician informs you that C.Q.'s Western blot test results confirm that she is HIV positive; he quests that you be present when he talks to her. Before leaving C.O.'s room, the physician requests at you obtain another blood sample for further testing, give C.Q. verbal and written information out local acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) support groups, and help C.Q. call a friend accompany her home this evening. She looks at you through her tears and states, "I can't believe J. is the only man I've had sex with since my divorce. He told me I had nothing to worry about. I n't believe he would do this to me."

Answer 1

1Q).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme immuno assay (EIA) is an immunological assay. It is named so because it uses enzyme-labelled antibodies for the detection of unknown antigens or antibodies in the test samples.

Principle of ELISA: Acts based on the antibody specificity and the enzyme sensitivity. The antibody-antigen complexes formed during the reaction are coupled to an enzyme (produce color) that can be analysed easily. The result depends on the concentration of antigen-antibody complex. ELISA tests are highly accurate. They can identify the hidden, or occult infections.

If the ELISA is designed to detect an antigen, means if it looks directly for an antigen in the sample, it is called “direct ELISA.” If the ELISA is designed to detect an antibody (produced against a particular antigen), it is called “indirect ELISA.”

Positive result with indirect ELISA (enzyme linked immune sorbent assay) occurs only if seroconversion occurs. Seroconversion is a stage of conversion of a negative test result for a particular antibody to a positive test result for the same antibody. Means, if the patient is recently infected and produce only a few number of antibodies, the result will be indeterminate. This result is non-specific because it uses a well that contains a mixture of pathogens (antigens). It is likely to produce false positive results.

So, a positive EIA do not mean that the patient is 100% HIV positive.