Homework Answers
A common cause of metabolic acidosis is;
b. renal failure (As this leads to high anion gap based due to an accumulation of ketones and lactic acid)
The patient anion gap is;
Anion Gap = Sodium - (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (Formula)
128 mmol/l – (94mmol/l +18mmol/l)
= 128 -112
16
b. 16 (is the correct choice)
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Question 5 (1 point) A common cause of metabolic acidosis is; a) diuresis. b) renal failure....
Question 21 (1 point) Which of the following hormones is modified by the kidney that affects...
Question 21 (1 point) Which of the following hormones is modified by the kidney that affects Calcium and phosphate homeostasis? a) Vitamin D b) Cortisol c) Parathyroid hormone d) Calcitonin Question 22 (1 point) Patient presents with the following Laboratory test results: Test Reference Interval Result Na+ 128 mmol/L 135-145 mmol/L 5.7 mmol/L 3.5-5.0mmol/L K+ 94 mmol/L 97-107 mmolL Cl- 18 mmol/L 22-28 mmol/L НСОЗ- Urea Nitrogen (UN) 10.0 mmol/L 2.0-8.2mmol/L Glucose 48 mmol/L 3.6-6.1 mmol/L What is the acid-base...
Question 13 (1 point) Laboratory Results Result 124 5.7 95 18 45 Reference Interval 135 to...
Question 13 (1 point) Laboratory Results Result 124 5.7 95 18 45 Reference Interval 135 to 145 mmol L 3.2 to 5.0 mmol L 98 to 108 mmol 1 22 to 26 mmol L 3.6 to 6.1 mmol L Negative Test Sodium Potassium Chloride HCO Blood Glucose Urine Ketones Positive The patient is hyperkalemic because? a) Respiratory acidosis is present b) Metabolic acidosis c) Protein catabolism d) Metabolic alkalosis is present Question 14 (1 point) Laboratory Results Test Sodium Potassium...
Question 9 (1 point) Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar: a) Less than 2.5 mmol/L...
Question 9 (1 point) Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar: a) Less than 2.5 mmol/L b) Less than 3.1 mmol/L c Greater than 7.8 mmol/L d) Less than 7.8 mmol/L Question 10 (1 point) Laboratory Investigations on a 62 year old male in the ER. Test Serum Na Reference Interval Result 150 5.5 112 18 16.5 385 135-145 mmol L 3.2-5 mmolL 98 108 mmol L 32 mmol L 2.0 Cl TCO 23- BUN 82 mmol L 280-300 mmol...
Test Result Reference Na 158 135 - 145 mmol/L K 4.6 3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L Cl...
Test Result Reference Na 158 135 - 145 mmol/L K 4.6 3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L Cl 118 93 - 108 mmol/L HCO3 18 21- 28 mmol/L Urea 16.5 3.0 - 8.9 mmol/L Glucose 43 3.6 - 6.1 mmol/L Osmolality 393 281- 297 mmol/kg Ketones negative negative An 80 year old patient was admitted to hospital with the following laboratory tests. Explain the Na results Calculate the serum osmolality and explain the significance of the result. Explain the HCO3 result What...
Question 11 (1 point) A patient is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and hypotension. Electrolytes...
Question 11 (1 point) A patient is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and hypotension. Electrolytes show: 135-145 mmol/L Na+ 129 K+ 5.7 3.5-5.0mmol/L 97-107mmol/L 112 Cl- HCO3 18 22-28 mmol/L The above results are consistent with: a) Metabolic acidosis b) Respiratory Alkalosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Respiratory Acidosis Question 12 (1 point) Which of the following compensatory pathways is likely to occur in Volume Depletion? Vol depletion; Dec RBF; Inc Renin; Inc All Inc Aldosterone; Inc [Na+]; Inc Osmolality;...
Question 17 (1 point) Laboratory Investigations on a 62 year old male in the ER. Reference...
Question 17 (1 point) Laboratory Investigations on a 62 year old male in the ER. Reference Interval Test Result Serum Na 150 K5.5 CHE 112L MENAM TCO 18 BUN 16.5 Osmo 385 Glucose 48.0 Ketones e Negative Lactate Urinalysis Glucose 28 Ketones Negative Arterial Blood Gas De 7:32 pCO, 30 135 - 145 mmol L 3.2 - 5 mmol L 98-108 mmol L 23-32 mmoll | 20-8.2 mmol L 280 - 300 mmol kg 3.6 - 6.1 mmol L Negative...
Question 17 (1 point) Patient presents with the following Laboratory test results: Reference Interval Result Test...
Question 17 (1 point) Patient presents with the following Laboratory test results: Reference Interval Result Test 135-145 mmd L 152 Na 3.5-5.0 mmol L 5.6 97-108 mmolL 112 Cl- 22-26 mmolL HCO3 18 2.0-8.2 mmolL 16.5 BUN 3.5-6.0 mmdl L 48 Glucose Osmolality 280-300 mOsmal Kg 385 The patient serum osmolality is; a) 296 b) 314. c) 368. d) 302. Question 18 (1 point) Which one of the following diagnostic measures is used to assess the ability of the kidneys...
A 20 yr old male with a family history of Type I Diabetes was seen by...
A 20 yr old male with a family history of Type I Diabetes was seen by his physician due to incessant thirst (polydipsia) and nocturnal urination (polyuria). A blood panel results are shown below Na (meq/L) HCO3 BUN - cr (meq/L) (mg/dL) Toggle Spell Checker (mg/dL) 3.5-5. 5 98-108 | 22-297-18 | 0.6-1.2 5 | 102 | 17 58 3.6 135-145 Normal Patient | 141 SGlucose: 520 Arterial pCO2 = 31 mm a) What is the most likely diagnosis for...
Patient Profile: Miss B. A 74 year-old woman who lives alone, is admitted to the hospital...
Patient Profile: Miss B. A 74 year-old woman who lives alone, is admitted to the hospital because of weakness and confusion. She has a history of chronic heart failure and chronic diuretic use. Objective Data: •Neurologic: confusion, slow to respond to questions, generalized weakness •Cardiovascular: blood pressure 90/62, heart rate 112 and irregular, pulses are weak, EKG indicates sinus tachycardia •Pulmonary: respiration 12 per minute and shallow •Additional findings: decreased skin turgor and dry mucous membranes Laboratory Results: Na 141,...
A 56 year old woman was admitted to hospital due to complaints of headache, dizziness, vomiting...
A 56 year old woman was admitted to hospital due to complaints of headache, dizziness, vomiting and foot paralysis. A few days before admission, she had developed severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Her blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and pulse rate, 84 beats/min. Neurological examination showed no abnormal findings. Proximal muscle weakness was noted in the upper and lower limbs. There was no history of tetany, and Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign were negative. On presentation: Biochemistry, serum: TestResult Reference...
Question 21 (1 point) Which of the following hormones is modified by the kidney that affects Calcium and phosphate homeostasis? a) Vitamin D b) Cortisol c) Parathyroid hormone d) Calcitonin Question 22 (1 point) Patient presents with the following Laboratory test results: Test Reference Interval Result Na+ 128 mmol/L 135-145 mmol/L 5.7 mmol/L 3.5-5.0mmol/L K+ 94 mmol/L 97-107 mmolL Cl- 18 mmol/L 22-28 mmol/L НСОЗ- Urea Nitrogen (UN) 10.0 mmol/L 2.0-8.2mmol/L Glucose 48 mmol/L 3.6-6.1 mmol/L What is the acid-base...
Question 13 (1 point) Laboratory Results Result 124 5.7 95 18 45 Reference Interval 135 to 145 mmol L 3.2 to 5.0 mmol L 98 to 108 mmol 1 22 to 26 mmol L 3.6 to 6.1 mmol L Negative Test Sodium Potassium Chloride HCO Blood Glucose Urine Ketones Positive The patient is hyperkalemic because? a) Respiratory acidosis is present b) Metabolic acidosis c) Protein catabolism d) Metabolic alkalosis is present Question 14 (1 point) Laboratory Results Test Sodium Potassium...
Question 9 (1 point) Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar: a) Less than 2.5 mmol/L b) Less than 3.1 mmol/L c Greater than 7.8 mmol/L d) Less than 7.8 mmol/L Question 10 (1 point) Laboratory Investigations on a 62 year old male in the ER. Test Serum Na Reference Interval Result 150 5.5 112 18 16.5 385 135-145 mmol L 3.2-5 mmolL 98 108 mmol L 32 mmol L 2.0 Cl TCO 23- BUN 82 mmol L 280-300 mmol...
Question 11 (1 point) A patient is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and hypotension. Electrolytes show: 135-145 mmol/L Na+ 129 K+ 5.7 3.5-5.0mmol/L 97-107mmol/L 112 Cl- HCO3 18 22-28 mmol/L The above results are consistent with: a) Metabolic acidosis b) Respiratory Alkalosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Respiratory Acidosis Question 12 (1 point) Which of the following compensatory pathways is likely to occur in Volume Depletion? Vol depletion; Dec RBF; Inc Renin; Inc All Inc Aldosterone; Inc [Na+]; Inc Osmolality;...
Question 17 (1 point) Laboratory Investigations on a 62 year old male in the ER. Reference Interval Test Result Serum Na 150 K5.5 CHE 112L MENAM TCO 18 BUN 16.5 Osmo 385 Glucose 48.0 Ketones e Negative Lactate Urinalysis Glucose 28 Ketones Negative Arterial Blood Gas De 7:32 pCO, 30 135 - 145 mmol L 3.2 - 5 mmol L 98-108 mmol L 23-32 mmoll | 20-8.2 mmol L 280 - 300 mmol kg 3.6 - 6.1 mmol L Negative...
Question 17 (1 point) Patient presents with the following Laboratory test results: Reference Interval Result Test 135-145 mmd L 152 Na 3.5-5.0 mmol L 5.6 97-108 mmolL 112 Cl- 22-26 mmolL HCO3 18 2.0-8.2 mmolL 16.5 BUN 3.5-6.0 mmdl L 48 Glucose Osmolality 280-300 mOsmal Kg 385 The patient serum osmolality is; a) 296 b) 314. c) 368. d) 302. Question 18 (1 point) Which one of the following diagnostic measures is used to assess the ability of the kidneys...
A 20 yr old male with a family history of Type I Diabetes was seen by his physician due to incessant thirst (polydipsia) and nocturnal urination (polyuria). A blood panel results are shown below Na (meq/L) HCO3 BUN - cr (meq/L) (mg/dL) Toggle Spell Checker (mg/dL) 3.5-5. 5 98-108 | 22-297-18 | 0.6-1.2 5 | 102 | 17 58 3.6 135-145 Normal Patient | 141 SGlucose: 520 Arterial pCO2 = 31 mm a) What is the most likely diagnosis for...
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