advanced pathophysiology question
Homework Answers
When more sodium is lost from the extracellular fluid compartment than water , the concentration of sodium decreases and the concentration of water in the extracellular fluid increases . this causes the water to move from higher concentration to lower concentration. by this way the water will enter the cells. this causes the cells to swell. this is termed as edema which occurs as a result of hyponatremia.
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advanced pathophysiology question
a. Expran wny adult to fluid loss. b. If more sodium is lost...
5. Identify the sources of water and the avenues of water loss in the body as...
5. Identify the sources of water and the avenues of water loss in the body as well as the approximate amount of gain and loss for each source and loss. 6. Explain the physiology as to how vasopressin is stimulated to be increased or decreased 7. Differentiate between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 8. Describe intracellular and extracellular water concentrations and identify which body compartment is included in intracellular compartment and extracellular compartment 9. Explain each of the following as it relates...
Animal cells often have more potassium ions (K+) inside the cells than in the extracellular fluid....
Animal cells often have more potassium ions (K+) inside the cells than in the extracellular fluid. Explain how those cells acquire potassium. State if energy was required to move the ion and the route of the ion into the cell.
25. Water intoxication, also known as_refers to low blood levels of sodium a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypoca...
25. Water intoxication, also known as_refers to low blood levels of sodium a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypocalcemia d. achlorhydria 26. Thepump, a cell membrane protein, helps maintain fluid balance in the body a. sodium-phosphate c. sodium-potassium d. sodium-iodine b. sodium-chloride 27. Potassium helps maintain the fluid volume. a. extracellular b. intracellular c. intravascular d. interstitial 28. Water may be described as being_ a. essential c. caloric d. all of the above b. organic
25. Water intoxication, also known asrefers to low blood levels of sodium. a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypoca...
25. Water intoxication, also known asrefers to low blood levels of sodium. a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypocalcemia d. achlorhydria 26. The pump, a cell membrane protein, helps maintain fluid balance in the body. a. sodium-phosphate b. sodium-chloride c. sodium-potassium d. sodium-iodine 27. Potassium helps maintain the a. extracellular b. intracellular fluid volume. c. intravascular d. interstitial 28. Water may be described as being a. essential b. organic c. caloric d. all of the above 29. Electrolytes arethat form ions...
21. The fluid in blood vessels and the Interstitial space is referred to as: a. The...
21. The fluid in blood vessels and the Interstitial space is referred to as: a. The extracellular fluid compartment b. Plasma c. The Intracellular fluid compartment 22. Why is the resting cell membrane more permeable to K+ than to Na+? a. Because gated K+ channels are always open. b. Because K+ can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the resting cell membrane and Na+ cannot. c. Because the cell membrane contains Leak (ungated) K+ Channels. 23. Lipid soluble molecules, carbon...
If an adult weighing 130 to 160 pounds lost 3 pounds as body fluid, he or...
If an adult weighing 130 to 160 pounds lost 3 pounds as body fluid, he or she would likely experience muscle spasms, delirium, and kidney failure. O True O False How much fluid should she consume over the next few hours in order to fully rehydrate? (Recall that the goal of rehydration is to consume 1.5 times more fluid than is lost.) Express your answer using two significant figures. Do not enter the units; they are provided to the right...
25. A woman runs a marathon in 30°C weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking dis...
25. A woman runs a marathon in 30°C weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After th A) decreased total body water (TBW) B) decreased haematocrit C) decreased intracellular fluid (ICF) volume e marathon, she will have decreased plasma osmolarity increased intracellular osmolarity 26. Which of the following ions has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid (ICF) than in extracellular fluid (ECF)? C1 D) HC03 E) Ca2+ 27. One gram of mannitol was injected into...
1. As lymph flow increases, interstitial fluid pressure a. increases b. decreases c. levels off when...
1. As lymph flow increases, interstitial fluid pressure a. increases b. decreases c. levels off when interstitial pressure reached positive values d. both a and c 2. The major function of the lymphatics is to a. return filtered proteins back to the general circulation b. to decrease osmotic pressure in the interstitium c. to prevent edema formation d. all of the above oreh lymphatisc 3. The filtration coefficient can be decreased by a. increased MAP b. decreased TPR c. decreased...
What conditions (unintended consequences) can result from certain treatments used for cancer? Describe how a malignant...
What conditions (unintended consequences) can result from certain treatments used for cancer? Describe how a malignant tumor can metastasize. Fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance (22 questions) Identify the normal values for: extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, sodium, potassium, pH, HCO2, PaCO2, PaO2, O2 saturation. Identify the two major fluid compartments. Identify the sub-compartments of extracellular fluid. Explain how to calculate how much fluid as patient has gained or lost based on weight in...
2. Hypokalemia of the interstitial fluid and plasma has which of the following effects on an...
2. Hypokalemia of the interstitial fluid and plasma has which of the following effects on an excitable cell such as muscle or nerve (Circle one answer from each grouping on three choices) (10 Points) A. The cell is more likely to Depolarize B. The cell is more likely to Hyperpolarize C. The cell is no more likely either to Depolarize or Hyperpolarize D. The cell's resting membrane potential is less negative E. The cell's resting membrane potential is more negative...
5. Identify the sources of water and the avenues of water loss in the body as well as the approximate amount of gain and loss for each source and loss. 6. Explain the physiology as to how vasopressin is stimulated to be increased or decreased 7. Differentiate between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 8. Describe intracellular and extracellular water concentrations and identify which body compartment is included in intracellular compartment and extracellular compartment 9. Explain each of the following as it relates...
25. Water intoxication, also known as_refers to low blood levels of sodium a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypocalcemia d. achlorhydria 26. Thepump, a cell membrane protein, helps maintain fluid balance in the body a. sodium-phosphate c. sodium-potassium d. sodium-iodine b. sodium-chloride 27. Potassium helps maintain the fluid volume. a. extracellular b. intracellular c. intravascular d. interstitial 28. Water may be described as being_ a. essential c. caloric d. all of the above b. organic
25. Water intoxication, also known asrefers to low blood levels of sodium. a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypocalcemia d. achlorhydria 26. The pump, a cell membrane protein, helps maintain fluid balance in the body. a. sodium-phosphate b. sodium-chloride c. sodium-potassium d. sodium-iodine 27. Potassium helps maintain the a. extracellular b. intracellular fluid volume. c. intravascular d. interstitial 28. Water may be described as being a. essential b. organic c. caloric d. all of the above 29. Electrolytes arethat form ions...
21. The fluid in blood vessels and the Interstitial space is referred to as: a. The extracellular fluid compartment b. Plasma c. The Intracellular fluid compartment 22. Why is the resting cell membrane more permeable to K+ than to Na+? a. Because gated K+ channels are always open. b. Because K+ can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the resting cell membrane and Na+ cannot. c. Because the cell membrane contains Leak (ungated) K+ Channels. 23. Lipid soluble molecules, carbon...
If an adult weighing 130 to 160 pounds lost 3 pounds as body fluid, he or she would likely experience muscle spasms, delirium, and kidney failure. O True O False How much fluid should she consume over the next few hours in order to fully rehydrate? (Recall that the goal of rehydration is to consume 1.5 times more fluid than is lost.) Express your answer using two significant figures. Do not enter the units; they are provided to the right...
25. A woman runs a marathon in 30°C weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After th A) decreased total body water (TBW) B) decreased haematocrit C) decreased intracellular fluid (ICF) volume e marathon, she will have decreased plasma osmolarity increased intracellular osmolarity 26. Which of the following ions has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid (ICF) than in extracellular fluid (ECF)? C1 D) HC03 E) Ca2+ 27. One gram of mannitol was injected into...
What conditions (unintended consequences) can result from certain treatments used for cancer? Describe how a malignant tumor can metastasize. Fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance (22 questions) Identify the normal values for: extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, sodium, potassium, pH, HCO2, PaCO2, PaO2, O2 saturation. Identify the two major fluid compartments. Identify the sub-compartments of extracellular fluid. Explain how to calculate how much fluid as patient has gained or lost based on weight in...
2. Hypokalemia of the interstitial fluid and plasma has which of the following effects on an excitable cell such as muscle or nerve (Circle one answer from each grouping on three choices) (10 Points) A. The cell is more likely to Depolarize B. The cell is more likely to Hyperpolarize C. The cell is no more likely either to Depolarize or Hyperpolarize D. The cell's resting membrane potential is less negative E. The cell's resting membrane potential is more negative...
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