Question

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What role does recombination of DNA in our lives? Could you please explain it with every details in miore than 700 words

Answer 1

Recombinant DNA technology plays an important role in our lives. It help us to genetically modify an organism ie., insertion of gene of an individual into genome of an organism. Recombinant DNA technology has various applications ranging from health and nutrition to production of genetically modified crops. Thus genetically modified crops are produced to increase their yield and nutritional content.

IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: in pharmaceutical industry it is used to produce human insulin. People suffering from diabetes mellitus are unable to produce insulin in appropriate amount. Insulin is used by our body to reduce blood sugar level. Earlier diabetic patients were injected with insulin that was obtained from slaughtered cows and pig's. The main disadvantage of this insulin use triggered allergic reactions in these patients. Thus scientists used r-Dna technology to produce human insulin in lab using bacteria and yeast.

PRODUCTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: Recombinant DNA technology is also used to produce genetically modified foods. This helps to:

• Delay frut ripening to increase their shelf life during transportation
• Helps to develop resistance to insects and plant viruses.
• Also helps to increase flavour and nutritional content of food.
• Edible vaccines were developed to prevent spread of disease

GENE THERAPY : gene therapy technique was used to treat genetic diseases like SCID, severe combined immuno deficiency caused due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. Similarly treatment of cardiovascular diseases by gene therapy is also an important strategy in health care.

TO PRODUCE ANTIBODIES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: plant systems were also recently used for expression as well as development of different antibodies and their derivatives.

DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT HORMONES:

vaccines are produced by transfer of antigen coding genes in disease causing bacteria. Conventional vaccines had lower efficacy and specificity than RECOMBINANT vaccines. Similarly in vitro production of FSH hormone is also possible through r-Dna technology .

PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS: genetically efficient strains of fungi like Penicillin and streptomycin are used to increase production of antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin.

PHYTOREMEDIATION:

genetic engineering technique is also used for detection and absorption of contaminant and drinking water as well as other samples. For e.g genetically engineered microbes, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain HK44 was genetically engineered for bioremediation.

IN AGRICULTURE:

Herbicide resistant bacterial genes are introduced into plants to make them resistant to herbicides

Bt is an effective insecticide used in farming. The toxin gene from bacteria is inserted into plants like corn, cotton etc this helps to inrease production of genetically modified crops

Recombinant DNA technology has also made possible manufacturing of novel enzymes used for food processing e.g, production of lipase and amylase enzyme. Similarly microbial strains have been developed that produce enzyme through specific engineering to produce protease.