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Why do microorganisms like bacteria have to break up extracellularly in order to use it as...

Why do microorganisms like bacteria have to break up extracellularly in order to use it as a food source?

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Yes, the bacteria and other prokaryotes secrete the enzymes into the external environment (exoenzymes), which break down the complex molecules into simple molecules and they are taken up by the bacteria to generate the energy. Bacteria cannot take up and metabolize the complex molecules because it does not contain the membrane-bound organelles (particularly mitochondrial) to conduct the metabolic processes.

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