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5. Explain the difference between socially optimal and fair return pricing regulations. Use a graph.

5. Explain the difference between socially optimal and fair return pricing regulations. Use a graph.

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Socially optimal price is the price which is set by the interaction of marginal social benefits ( MSB) and marginal social cost (MSC) .MSC Is some total of marginal financial costs and externalities. If externalities are negative then MSC> MC and vice versa. Socially optimal price remains higher/lower than fair regulated price depending on type of externalities . On the other hand fair return pricing regulations are set so that firms ( particularly imperfectly competitive firms) operate at P = ATC. Thus producers are only able to cover their costs and so earn only a normal profits, whereas in the former case firms can earn even higher profits .

- un regulated price Price coels 7 fodbor Lieturn falce - ATC - MCE MSC L entern y social o - quantity

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