Question

2. Describe the three major structures and functions of the outer, middle, and inner ear. 3. What are the types of touch receptors located under the skin's surface? Describe how touch is represented in the brain.

Answer 1

Ans.(2):- Three major structure of outer, middle and inner ear are pinna, ossicles and cochlea.

(1) The outer ear (which consists of the pinna) collects sound waves and funnels them towards the middle ear.

(2) The middle ear (containing the smallest bones in the body called ossicles) transmits the vibrations to the inner ear.

(3) The inner ear (containing the cochlea),which is embedded in the skull, where the vibrations are transduced into neural impulses.

Ans.(3):- The touch receptors that are located under the skin's surface are explained below:-

(1) Mechanoreceptors :- Mechanoreceptors are receptors that perceive sensations such as pressure, vibrations, and texture. There are four known types of mechanoreceptors whose only function is to perceive indentions and vibrations of the skin.
(2) Thermoreceptors:- Thermoreceptors are receptors that make the skin to feel the temperature of objects. These receptors are found in the dermis layer of the skin. There are two basic categories of thermoreceptors; they’re hot and cold receptors.
(3) Pain receptors:- Pain receptors are those receptors that detect pain or stimuli that cause damage to the skin and other tissues of the body. There are over three million pain receptors throughout the body, found in skin, muscles, bones, blood vessels, and some organs.
(4) Proprioceptors:- Proprioceptors are receptors that sense the position of the different parts of the body in relation to each other and to the surrounding environment. Proprioceptors are found in tendons, muscles, and joint capsules.