Question

Try this example with water first: H1 H1 H2 H2 H H Water, H20 Partial charges: His +0.38, O is -0.75 Formal charges: His O, O is o Oxidation State: His +1, O is-2 Electrostatic potential description: The blue (positive) and red (negative) potentials are separated. That makes the molecule polar. The molecule is dark blue (quite positive) over the hydrogen atoms and dark red (quite negative) over the oxygen atom, making water very polar.

Answer 1

• Ammonia has atoms with different electronegativity. N (red color) has 3.0 whereas H (blue color) has 2.2 that makes the three hydrogens and nitrogen molecules polar in nature. Additionally, the 3 hydrogen molecule has positive charges on them whereas nitrogen has a lone pair which is negative in nature. This makes the molecule polar in nature.
• Carbon(red) has an electronegativity value of 2.55 (partial positive)whereas the four hydrogens (partial negative) molecules have 2.2. There only a slight difference in electronegativity value. Therefore, the overall effect of the same is neutral or non-polar in nature.