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We consider two DNA sequences with the letters A; G; T; and C. Suppose that the...
Problem 1. DNA sequences consist of four letters (also called bases): A, T, C, and G. The DNA sequences of humans have approximately 4 billion bases (4 x 10). How many possible DNA sequences of length 4 billion are there?
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions required for the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The basic double-helix structure of the DNA was co-discovered by Prof. Francis Crick, a long-time faculty member at UCSD 0 The DNA molecule consists of a long sequence of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), gua- nine (G) and thymine (T). Since this molecule contains all the genetic information of a living organism, geneticists are interested...
Problem 2: Sequence similarity measure. Let 3 and y be two given DNA sequences, represented as strings with characters in the set {A, G, C,T}. The similarity measure of r and y is defined as the maximum score of any alignment of r and y, where the score for an alignment is computed by adding substitution score and deletion and insertion scores, as explained below. (Some operations have negative scores.) The score for changing a character T, into a...
I need help writing this C code. Here is the description: Let's say we have a program called smart typing which does two things: The first letter of a word is always input manually by a keystroke. When a sequence of n letters has been typed: c1c2...cn and the set of words in the dictionary that start with that sequence also have c1c2...cnc then the smart typing displays c automatically. we would like to know, for each word in the dictionary,...
I just need some help with question part c. We first examine a simple hidden Markov model (HMM). We observe a sequence of rolls of a four-sided die at an "occasionally dishonest casino", where at time t the observed outcome x E {1, 2, 3,4}. At each of these times, the casino can be in one of two states zi E {1, 2}. When z,= 1 the casino uses a fair die, while when z,- 2 the die is biased...
C++: Translating mRNA sequence help Homework Description Codon 1 You are working in a bioinformatics lab studying messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. mRNA is a sequence of the nucleotide bases (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil) that conveys information stored in DNA to Ribosomes for translation into proteins. The bases in the sequences are denoted by the first letters of the nucleotide bases (e.g. A, C, G, and U). A sequence of mRNA is made up of hundres to thousands of nucleotide...
I need help with questions a through g. could we use t alpha instead of z? since we are talking about a sample mean ? please show z & t, is it indistinct to use either or ? ne expected mean of a normal population is 100, and its standard deviation is 12. Asample of 36 measurements gives a sample mean of 96, using the α,01 tevel of significance a test is to be made to decide between "population mean...
5 pts Question 23 Life on Earth uses 3 nucleotide long code words, with 4 letters in the alphabet to encode 20 amino acids. DNA on the planet Arth only contains A, G and C. In addition, proteins on Arth are made from 26 different amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides in a codon needed to code for life on Arth? Hint: In humans a 3-letter code can represent 4 x 4 x4 = 64 amino acids...
Create C++ program.Convert this string to Tap Code using structures. It is very important to use structures in this program. The tap code is based on a Polybius square using a 5×5 grid of letters representing all the letters of the Latin alphabet, except for K, which is represented by C. The listener only needs to discriminate the timing of the taps to isolate letters. Each letter is communicated by tapping two numbers the first designating the row (Down) the...
4. [20 Points We first examine a sequence of rolls of a four-sided die at an the observed outcome Xi E {1,2,3,4}. At each of these times, the casino can be in one of two states z E1, 2}. When z = 1 the casino uses a fair die, while when z = 2 the die is biased so that rolling a 1 is more simple hidden Markov model (HMM). We observe a "occasionally dishonest casino", where at time likely....