Question

1. Of key importance in natural law theory is

	a.	the idea that the DDE is a natural challenge to all things that are normally and naturally considered righteous.
	b.	the idea that natural values are always in direct contradiction with human values.
	c.	the idea that the effects of an act can never be related to each other.
	d.	none of the above.

2. According to natural law theory,

	a.	natural functions reflect the design of the universe.
	b.	it seems that natural functions reflect the design of the universe, as the relationship between natural law theory and utilitarianism shows that we all share the same goods.
	c.	natural functions do not reflect the design of the universe.
	d.	it seems that natural functions reflect the design of the universe, but they really do not, because mistakes and malfunctions are so common that we cannot really make any claims about natural functions at all.

3. According to the doctrine of double effect,

	a.	effects are always dependent and independent at the same time, because anything else would be a contradiction.
	b.	effects are always dependent, and never independent.
	c.	effects are sometimes dependent, and sometimes independent.
	d.	effects are always dependent, and never independent, because everybody has his own moral values.

4. Natural law theory

	a.	can never agree that God assigns functions to things in the universe.
	b.	has been supported by several major religious traditions, including Catholicism.
	c.	denies that there are any natural values, but insists that there are natural laws.
	d.	has never been supported by any religions.

Answer 1

Question 1

Answer: Option a. the idea that the DDE is a natural challenge to all things that are normally and naturally considered righteous

Reason: Natural laws explain that some laws are inherent to humans. They possess intrinsic sense of right and wrong. These govern the reasoning and behavior. The sense of right and wrong also determines the double doctrine effect. One good effect shall have a bad effect. Due to the bad effect, the good effect must not be stopped. Here, morals and virtue ethics come into play and the human behavior is to perform the good deed without bothering the bad effect. This is a challenge to the humans.

Question 2

Answer: Option c. natural functions do not reflect the design of the universe.

Reason: According to the natural law, some laws are inherent to humans. They possess intrinsic sense of right and wrong. These govern the reasoning and behavior. Universe shall have an order or a disorder and human shall be aware or unaware of the same. These do not govern the behavior of humans as humans act on their own and what feels right for them. The humans also interpret the design of the universe in their own perspective. This shall mark some laws to be a moral to some and the same shall be called immoral by others.

Question 3

Answer: Option d. effects are always dependent, and never independent, because everybody has his own moral values

Reason: According to the doctrine of double effect, there shall be some bad deed as a side effect or by product to a good deed. This shall be related to the morals of individual person. The action that shall cause a good deed shall cause a bad deed to other person.

The effects of an action cannot be both dependent and independent. The doctrine of double effect assures that there shall be a bad effect for a good deed. Hence, the options a, b, c are incorrect.

Question 4

Answer: Option a. can never agree that god assigns functions to things in the universe.

Reason: The natural law theory accepts that there is a supreme being but the theory also insists that the supreme do not govern the actions of all the other being.

The natural law was never supported by any religions as it directly or indirectly pointed out that the gods are not required for the existence of other begins. Hence, the options b., c., d. are incorrect.