Question

Phylogeny Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Sun Bear 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? Tail Ear Structure 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun Bears, Spectacled Bears, or Dogs? Cranium Structure 5. Shared derived characters are most likely to be found in taxa that Vertebrae are 6. If you want to study pandas - giant pandas, red pandas, and "trash pandas" (raccoons) - and you exclude dogs, what is the term used to describe this grouping?

Answer 1

.1 the basal taxa in this phylogenetic tree is brown bear. Beacause the branch arising from base of the phylogenetic tree ends in brown bear. The basal unbranched lineage in a phylogenetic tree is called basal taxa.

2. The group of spectactedbear form the outgroup of the circled group to study. Outgroup refers to the taxa which is the

3. Racoon. The taxa which share the most common ancestral node.

4. Sun bear. According to phylogenetic tree the taxa which arise close to the root are older. In this phylogenetic tree sun bear is older and brown bear is the oldest.

5. Arising from the same node or arising from same ancestor.

6. Paraphyletic.group of organisms from a common ancestor but does not contain all the descendants.