Handness
Gender Right Left
Male a= 39 b=11 a+b= 50
Female c= 43 d= 7 c+d= 50
a+c= 82 b+d=18 N= 100
H0 : The handness of an individual is independent of gender
H1 : The handness of an individual is not independent of gender
Test Statistic:
χ2 = N*{ (ad-bc)^2 } /{ (a+b)*(a+c)*(b+d)*(c+d) }
χ2 = 100*{ (39*7-11*43)^2 }/50*82*18*50
χ2 = 1.084011
by rounding upto 3 decimal ponit
χ2 = 1.084
Given : α = level of significance = 0.01
degress of freedom=1
χ2 (0.01,1) = 6.6349
p - value = 0.2978
Here , χ2 (0.01,1) > χ2
also p - value > α
Hence we fail to rejet H0 or do not reject H0
So, there is insufficient evidence that the " handness " of an individual is not independent of gender.
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