Question

1. When designing antimicrobials for patients, what should you consider? What would be some issues?

2. 5 things to maximize treatment with antimicrobials

3. Discrepancies between taking medications orally vs topically in time and delivery.

4. What are some increasing difficulties in therapeutics? Explain difficulties with specific targets, therapeutic index and 3 others possible difficulties.

5. Why do you need different therapeutics for virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites?

6. Discrepancies in length of treatment for virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

7. What is the difference between antivirals, antiparasitics, antifungal and antibiotics? What is the same?

8. Compare and contrast treatment for virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites?

9. Why can come antifungal drugs (Imidazole and Amphotericin B) be used an antiparasitic drugs?

Answer 1

1)There are some general considerations taken into account before designing antimicrobial for a patient like age of patient, medical history of patient, if patient is women whether she is pregnant or lactating. There may be some issues or problems with antibiotic resistance. If pathogen develops ability to defeat the antimicrobial agent then that drug is not applicable.

2) By knowing or studying the site of infection one can diagnose infectious disease and according to that one can plan the antimicrobial medication which will act properly on that infection. By studying the patient's health condition or medical history one can know whether he or she has resistance against any medication. Use of broad spectrum antimicrobial may be useful in some cases. By studying resistant pattern one can alter the drug. Taking accurate dose on time to time will also maximize the rate of treatment.

3) Some medications are not given orally because drugs which are taken orally may be get destroyed by acid or digestive enzymes present in stomach. Topical drugs are designed for quick absorption through skin. If patient is unable take medication orally topical method is used. Topical route is the fastest way to treat regarding time and delivery.

5) Antimicrobial substance is the type of microorganisms they act upon. Hence there are different antimicrobials for different microbes.

7) Antiviral is a drug used to treat viral infection, Antifungal is a drug used to treat fungal infection, Antiparasitic is a drug used to treat Antiparasitic infection while antibiotic is drug used to treat bacterial infection. Similarly between these antimicrobials are they are used against pathogenic microorganisms.